fa تجربه زیسته سالمندان دارای ناتوانی از محیط ساخته‌شده خانه‌های سالمندان: تحلیل کیفی دسترسی، حس خانه و تعلق مکانی (مطالعه موردی: شهر تبریز) معماری و شهرسازی Architecture مقاله پژوهشی اصیل Original Research Article <p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><strong>زمینه و هدف:</strong> کیفیت محیط ساخته‌شده خانه‌های سالمندان می‌تواند بر استقلال، حس خانه و تعلق مکانی سالمندان دارای ناتوانی اثرگذار باشد. هدف پژوهش، واکاوی تجربه زیسته این سالمندان از محیط ساخته‌شده خانه‌های سالمندان تبریز بود.</p> <p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><strong>روش بررسی:</strong> این مطالعه کیفی با رویکرد پدیدارشناسی تفسیری در چهار خانه سالمندان تبریز انجام شد. نمونه‌گیری هدفمند تا اشباع داده‌ها ادامه یافت. معیارهای ورود شامل اقامت در مرکز، وجود محدودیت جسمی، حسی، شناختی یا روانی مؤثر بر تجربه روزمره یا نیاز به حمایت، توانایی گفت‌وگوی معنادار و رضایت آگاهانه بود. در مجموع، <span dir="ltr">۲۶</span> مصاحبه با <span dir="ltr">۲۲</span> ساکن (<span dir="ltr">۱۳</span> زن و <span dir="ltr">۹</span> مرد) و چهار مسئول فنی انجام شد. داده‌ها با مصاحبه‌های عمیق نیمه‌ساختاریافته گردآوری و با تحلیل مضمون شش‌مرحله‌ای براون و کلارک تحلیل شدند.</p> <p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><strong>یافته‌ها:</strong> سه مضمون اصلی &laquo;دسترسی‌پذیری محیط ساخته‌شده&raquo;، &laquo;حس خانه&raquo; و &laquo;تعلق مکانی&raquo; استخراج شد. دسترسی‌پذیری با مسیریابی و حرکت‌پذیری، ایمنی و تجهیزات، نور و رنگ، امکان تغییر محیط و فضای شخصی مرتبط بود. حس خانه با خانه پیشین، حریم خصوصی، عناصر خانگی و طبیعت و تعلق مکانی با سازگاری، روابط، خلوت و فضاهای تعامل‌پذیر پیوند داشت. حوزه‌های نوپدید شامل نحوه ورود و نقش خانواده، سلامت روان و ادراک زمان، و غذا و فعالیت‌های جمعی بود.</p> <p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><strong>نتیجه‌گیری:</strong> تجربه ساکنان نشان داد پاسخ‌گویی محیط اقامتی فراتر از رفع موانع کالبدی بود و اختیار، حریم، شخصی‌سازی، ارتباط با طبیعت و فرصت‌های تعامل و خلوت در شکل‌گیری حس خانه و تعلق مکانی اهمیت داشتند. طراحی کاربرمحور و دسترس‌پذیر می‌تواند استقلال و کیفیت تجربه زیسته را تقویت کند.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><strong>Background & Objective:</strong> Population ageing is increasing the number of older people who live with mobility, sensory, cognitive, or psychological limitations and who may require long-term residential care. In nursing homes, the built environment is not merely a physical container for care. Its spatial organization, accessibility, safety, opportunities for privacy and personalization, and relationship with nature can shape residents&rsquo; independence, their sense of being at home, and their emotional attachment to place. These issues are particularly important for residents whose functional limitations make everyday activities more dependent on environmental conditions. The present study aimed to explore the lived experience of older adults with disabilities in relation to the built environment of nursing homes in Tabriz, Iran, with particular attention to architectural accessibility, sense of home, and place attachment.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><strong>Methods:</strong> A qualitative study with an interpretive phenomenological orientation was conducted in four nursing homes in Tabriz. Purposive sampling continued until sufficient thematic depth and repetition of meanings were achieved. Resident inclusion criteria were residence in the facility, a physical, sensory, cognitive, or psychological limitation affecting everyday experience or support needs, ability to engage in meaningful conversation, and informed consent. In total, 26 interviews were analysed: 22 residents (13 women and 9 men) and four technical managers as key informants. Data were collected through in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews addressing admission to the facility, built-environment accessibility, comfort and safety, sense of home, place attachment, positive and negative aspects of residence, and activities and social interaction. Interviews lasted 15&ndash;40 minutes depending on each resident&rsquo;s level of participation, communication ability, and willingness to elaborate on lived experiences. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke&rsquo;s six-phase thematic analysis. Accessibility, sense of home, and place attachment were used as sensitizing concepts while allowing additional themes to emerge inductively. Trustworthiness was addressed using Lincoln and Guba&rsquo;s criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><strong>Results:</strong> Three main themes were identified. The first, &lsquo;built-environment accessibility,&rsquo; included wayfinding and mobility, safety and supportive equipment, lighting and colour, limitations on environmental modification, and access to personal storage or belongings. Residents&rsquo; experiences showed that an apparently simple route could still be inaccessible when visual impairment, transfer dependence, or lack of assistance was present. The second theme, &lsquo;sense of home,&rsquo; included comparison with the previous home and homesickness; privacy and personal territory; domestic objects, personalization, and nature; and the contrast between homelike and institutional qualities. Personal belongings, familiar objects, private rooms, and the ability to control one&rsquo;s immediate environment could support continuity of identity, whereas shared rooms and restrictions on personalization could weaken home-like feelings. Nature was not uniformly positive: for some residents it was calming, while for others it evoked painful memories of a previous home. The third theme, &lsquo;place attachment,&rsquo; involved gradual adaptation; relationships with roommates and staff; and the need for both solitude and interaction-supportive spaces. Attachment was stronger in some residents who had voluntarily chosen the facility or developed supportive relationships, whereas involuntary or unexpected transfer could intensify alienation. Three emergent domains&mdash;manner of admission and family involvement, psychological distress and subjective experience of time, and food and collective activities&mdash;showed that environmental experience was inseparable from biography, relationships, daily routines, and perceived autonomy.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The lived experience of residents suggests that improving nursing-home environments requires more than technical barrier removal. Accessibility should be understood together with autonomy, privacy, personalization, meaningful contact with nature, continuity with previous life, and the possibility of choosing between social interaction and solitude. User-centred and inclusive design strategies that support these dimensions may enhance independence, sense of home, and place attachment among older adults with disabilities.</p> سالمندان؛ افراد دارای ناتوانی؛ خانه‌های سالمندان؛ محیط ساخته‌شده؛ دسترسی‌پذیری معماری؛ حس خانه؛ تعلق مکانی؛ تجربه زیسته؛ پژوهش کیفی Aged, Disabled Persons, Homes for the Aged, Built Environment, Architectural Accessibility, Sense of Home, Place Attachment, Lived Experience, Qualitative Research 81 0 http://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_code=A-12-4289-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Rana Kourehpazhassanalizad سحر طوفان r.kourehpaz@iau.ac.ir No Department of architecture and Urban Planning, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز.گروه هنر و معماری SAHAR Toofan سحر طوفان sahar.toofan@iaut.ac.ir Yes Department of architecture and Urban Planning, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران HASSAN Sattari Sarbangholi حسن ستاری ساربانقلی sattari@iaut.ac.ir No Department of architecture and Urban Planning, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران