Volume 10 -
MEJDS (2020) 10: 16 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Modares Gharavi M, Janfada M, Seyed Hosseini A S. Transactional Analysis Training on Reducing Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome and Alexithymia in 20-25 Years Old Females in Mashhad. MEJDS 2020; 10 :16-16
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-1226-en.html
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-1226-en.html
1- Ebn Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2- Ferdowsi University
2- Ferdowsi University
Abstract: (2129 Views)
Background & Objective: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the one to two weeks before a woman's period. Symptoms often vary between women and resolve around the start of bleeding. Common symptoms include acne, breasts tenderness, headache, increase in appetite and heart bit, depression, irritability, feeling tired, aggression and suicidal tendency. It is one of the most common disorders, which leads to women’s malfunction. Therefore, it is necessary to apply low–cost and effective methods. One of the variables, which could be related to premenstrual syndrome, is alexithymia. Transactional analysis is one of the theories, which consider interpersonal relations, the process of life events, and people mutual reactions with each other and proposes practical solutions for interpersonal problems. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of transactional analysis training on reducing symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and alexithymia.
Methods: This study was quasi–experimental with pretest– posttest and control group. The population included all female students of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad (Northeast of Iran) with premenstrual syndrome, ranging from 20 to 25 years old. Using availability sampling, 30 subjects, according to entry and exit criteria were chosen. Material consisted of Toronto alexithymia scale and premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) (2003) questionnaire for diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome. These questionnaires performed as pre–test for both experimental and control groups. Then the experimental group receives the training program of transitional analysis therapy, and the control group received no intervention. At the end of program, both groups answered the post–tests. These questionnaires performed as pre–test for both experimental and control groups. Then the experimental group receives the training program of transitional analysis therapy, and the control group received no intervention. At the end of program, both groups answered the post–tests. For the sake of data analysis SPSS 21 and for comparing the effectiveness of two groups, multivariate analysis (MANCOVA) were used.
Results: The results of multivariate analysis showed that by controlling the effect of pre–test scores between two experimental and control groups, there was a significant difference in new variable out of linear composition of post test scores, as a dependent variables (p<0.001). In addition, there were significant difference in PMS components and alexithymia between the experimental and control groups (p<0.001). Mean of alexithymia in pretest was 57.88±12.04, which reduced to 46.94±3.38 in post–test. In addition, mean of premenstrual syndrome was 74.92± 1.82 in pretest which reduced to 69.23±1.02 in post–test.
Conclusion: Regarding chronic nature of this disorder and side effect of pharmacotherapy treatment, the use of no pharmacological treatment is preferable. Therefore, with regard to the results of this study and the effectiveness of transactional analysis training as a no pharmacological method, transitional analysis could be considered as an appropriate therapeutic method for reducing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and alexithymia.
Methods: This study was quasi–experimental with pretest– posttest and control group. The population included all female students of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad (Northeast of Iran) with premenstrual syndrome, ranging from 20 to 25 years old. Using availability sampling, 30 subjects, according to entry and exit criteria were chosen. Material consisted of Toronto alexithymia scale and premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) (2003) questionnaire for diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome. These questionnaires performed as pre–test for both experimental and control groups. Then the experimental group receives the training program of transitional analysis therapy, and the control group received no intervention. At the end of program, both groups answered the post–tests. These questionnaires performed as pre–test for both experimental and control groups. Then the experimental group receives the training program of transitional analysis therapy, and the control group received no intervention. At the end of program, both groups answered the post–tests. For the sake of data analysis SPSS 21 and for comparing the effectiveness of two groups, multivariate analysis (MANCOVA) were used.
Results: The results of multivariate analysis showed that by controlling the effect of pre–test scores between two experimental and control groups, there was a significant difference in new variable out of linear composition of post test scores, as a dependent variables (p<0.001). In addition, there were significant difference in PMS components and alexithymia between the experimental and control groups (p<0.001). Mean of alexithymia in pretest was 57.88±12.04, which reduced to 46.94±3.38 in post–test. In addition, mean of premenstrual syndrome was 74.92± 1.82 in pretest which reduced to 69.23±1.02 in post–test.
Conclusion: Regarding chronic nature of this disorder and side effect of pharmacotherapy treatment, the use of no pharmacological treatment is preferable. Therefore, with regard to the results of this study and the effectiveness of transactional analysis training as a no pharmacological method, transitional analysis could be considered as an appropriate therapeutic method for reducing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and alexithymia.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Psychology
References
1. Petta CA, Osis MJD, de Pádua KS, Bahamondes L, Makuch MY. Premenstrual syndrome as reported by Brazilian women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2010;108(1):40–3. [DOI]
2. Silva CML da, Gigante DP, Carret MLV, Fassa AG. Population study of premenstrual syndrome. Rev Saude Publica. 2006;40(1):47–56. [Portuguese] [DOI]
3. Freeman EW, Halberstadt SM, Rickels K, Legler JM, Lin H, Sammel MD. Core Symptoms That Discriminate Premenstrual Syndrome. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011;20(1):29–35. [DOI]
4. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.
5. Hillard PA, Berek JS, Novak E. Novak’s gynecology. 13th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.
6. Alavi A, Salahi Moghadam AAR, Ali Malayeri N, Ramezanpour A. Prevalence of clinical manifestations of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in students of Bandar Abbas Medical University. 2007;10(4):335–41. [Persian] [Article]
7. Braverman PK. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2007;20(1):3–12. [DOI]
8. Direkvand Moghadam A, Kaikhavani S, Sayehmiri K. The worldwide prevalence of premenstrual syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2013;16(65):8–17. [Persian] [DOI]
9. Ramezani Tehra F, Hashemi S, Robab Allameh M. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and some of its relative factors in reproductive age. The Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2012 ;18(3):121–7. [Persian] [Article]
10. Karami J, Zalipoor S, Pourjavad M. Efficacy of emotional disclosure on premenstrual syndrome. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2015;17(131):6–12. [Persian] [DOI]
11. Walton LM, Asumbrado RC, Machamer L, Behrens MA. Relationship between Nutrition (REAP), Exercise (VSAQ), and Stress on Premenstrual Syndrome Severity (PSST): Correlation, Cross-Section, Purposive Sample of 75 Females Ages 18-55. Journal of Physiotherapy & Physical Rehabilitation. 2018;3(2). [DOI]
12. Öksüz E, Guvenc G. Relationship of premenstrual and menstrual symptoms to alexithymia among nursing students. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2018;54(3):391–7. [DOI]
13. Besharat MA, Zahedi Tajrishi K, Nourbala AA. Alexithymia and emotion regulation strategies in patients with somatization, anxiety disorders, and normal individuals: A comparative study. Contemporary Psychology, Biannual Journal of the Iranian Psychological Association. 2014;8(2):3–16. [Persian] [Article]
14. Burba B, Oswald R, Grigaliunien V, Neverauskiene S, Jankuviene O, Chue P. A controlled study of alexithymia in adolescent patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder. Can J Psychiatry. 2006;51(7):468–71. [DOI]
15. Gatta M, Canetta E, Zordan M, Spoto A, Ferruzza E, Manco I, et al. Alexithymia in juvenile primary headache sufferers: A pilot study. J Headache Pain. 2011;12(1):71–80. [DOI]
16. Mattila AK, Kronholm E, Jula A, Salminen JK, Koivisto A-M, Mielonen R-L, et al. Alexithymia and somatization in general population. Psychosom Med. 2008;70(6):716–22. [DOI]
17. King LA, Emmons RA, Woodley S. The structure of inhibition. Journal of Research in Personality. 1992;26(1):85–102. [DOI]
18. Jarvis CI, Lynch AM, Morin AK. Management strategies for premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(7):967–78. [DOI]
19. Johnsson R. Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy-Three Methods Describing a Transactional Analysis Group Therapy [PhD dissertation]. [Lund Sweden]: Department of Psychology, Lund University; 2011.
20. Shilling LE. Perspectives on Counseling Theories. Arian Kh. (Persian translator). Tehran: Etela’at Publication; 2010.
21. McKimm J, Forrest K. Using transactional analysis to improve clinical and educational supervision: The Drama and Winner’s triangles. Postgrad Med J. 2010;86(1015):261–5. [DOI]
22. Khodaei R, Bazzazian S, Jafari A. The effectiveness of transactional analysis training on self-concept and positive/negative affect of householders. J Woman and Family Studies. 2016;3(2):185–203. [Persian] [DOI]
23. Stewart I. Transactional Analysis Counselling in Action. Attarha N. (Persian translator). Tehran: Fararavan Publication; 2016.
24. Yen J-Y, Chang S-J, Long C-Y, Tang T-C, Chen C-C, Yen C-F. Working memory deficit in premenstrual dysphoric disorder and its associations with difficulty in concentrating and irritability. Compr Psychiatry. 2012;53(5):540–5. [DOI]
25. Siahbazi Sh, Hariri FZ, Montazeri A, Moghaddam Banaem L. Translation and psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST). Payesh (Health Monitor). 2011;10(4):421–7. [Persian] [Article]
26. Bagby RM, Parker JD, Taylor GJ. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale--I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res. 1994;38(1):23–32. [DOI]
27. Besharat MA. Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Questionnaire, Instruction and Scoring (Persian Version). J Developmental Psychology. 2013;10(37):90–2. [Persian] [Article]
28. Eghbali M, Mousavi SV, Hakima F. The effectiveness of transactional analysis on mothers’ parenting styles. Journal of Family Psychology. 2017;3(2):17–26. [Persian] [Article]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
