1. 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
2. 2. Sheldrick RC, Carter AS. State-level trends in the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from 2000 to 2012: a reanalysis of findings from the Autism and developmental disabilities network. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018;48(9):3086–92. [
DOI]
3. 3. Samadi SA, McConkey R. Screening for Autism in Iranian preschoolers: Contrasting M-CHAT and a scale developed in Iran. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015;45(9):2908–16. [
DOI]
4. 4. Christensen DL, Bilder DA, Zahorodny W, Pettygrove S, Durkin MS, Fitzgerald RT, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of Autism spectrum disorder among 4-year-old children in the Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2016;37(1):1–8. [
DOI]
5. 5. Zuckerman KE, Mattox K, Donelan K, Batbayar O, Baghaee A, Bethell C. Pediatrician identification of Latino children at risk for autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics. 2013;132(3):445–53. [
DOI]
6. 6. Guo X, Duan X, Long Z, Chen H, Wang Y, Zheng J, et al. Decreased amygdala functional connectivity in adolescents with autism: A resting-state fMRI study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2016;257:47–56. [
DOI]
7. 7. Kamps DM, Mason R, Heitzman-Powell L. Peer mediation interventions to improve social and communication skills for children and youth with Autism spectrum disorders. In: Leaf JB, editor. Handbook of social skills and Autism spectrum disorder : assessment, curricula, and intervention. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. pp: 257–83. [
DOI]
8. 8. Estes A, Rivera V, Bryan M, Cali P, Dawson G. Discrepancies between academic achievement and intellectual ability in higher-functioning school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2011;41(8):1044–52. [
DOI]
9. 9. ten Velden M, Couldrick L, Kinébanian A, Sadlo G. Dutch children’s perspectives on the constructs of the Child Occupational Self-Assessment (COSA). OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health. 2013;33(1):50–8. [
DOI]
10. 10. Austin J, Manning-Courtney P, Johnson ML, Weber R, Johnson H, Murray D, et al. Improving access to care at autism treatment centers: a system analysis approach. Pediatrics. 2016;137 Suppl 2:S149-157. [
DOI]
11. 11. Bölte S, Marschik PB, Falck-Ytter T, Charman T, Roeyers H, Elsabbagh M. Infants at risk for autism: a European perspective on current status, challenges and opportunities. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;22(6):341–8. [
DOI]
12. 12. Parker KJ, Garner JP, Libove RA, Hyde SA, Hornbeak KB, Carson DS, et al. Plasma oxytocin concentrations and OXTR polymorphisms predict social impairments in children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(33):12258–63. [
DOI]
13. 13. Cao C, Wang L, Wang R, Qing Y, Zhang J. Oxytocin is associated with PTSD’s anxious arousal symptoms in Chinese male earthquake survivors. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2014;5:26530. [
DOI]
14. 14. Hollander E, Novotny S, Hanratty M, Yaffe R, DeCaria CM, Aronowitz BR, et al. Oxytocin infusion reduces repetitive behaviors in adults with autistic and Asperger’s disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003;28(1):193–8. [
DOI]
15. 15. Thye MD, Bednarz HM, Herringshaw AJ, Sartin EB, Kana RK. The impact of atypical sensory processing on social impairments in autism spectrum disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018;29:151–67. [
DOI]
16. 16. Benfield RD, Hortobágyi T, Tanner CJ, Swanson M, Heitkemper MM, Newton ER. The effects of hydrotherapy on anxiety, pain, neuroendocrine responses, and contraction dynamics during labor. Biol Res Nurs. 2010;12(1):28–36. [
DOI]
17. 17. De Dreu CKW, Kret ME. Oxytocin conditions intergroup relations through upregulated in-group empathy, cooperation, conformity, and defense. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;79(3):165–73. [
DOI]
18. 18. Uvnas-Moberg K, Petersson M. Oxytocin, a mediator of anti-stress, well-being, social interaction, growth and healing. Z Psychosom Med Psychother. 2005;51(1):57–80. [German] [
DOI]
19. 19. Azimigarosi S, Arjmandnia A, Mohseni Ezhei A, Asgari M. Effectiveness of hydrotherapy on communication skills of children with Autism spectrum disorder: a single case study. Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health. 2020;6(4):35–50. [Persian] [
DOI]
20. 20. Fleming SA, Gutknecht NC. Naturopathy and the primary care practice. Prim Care. 2010;37(1):119–36. [
DOI]
21. 21. Yadav R, Karmakar N, Satapathy T, Roy A. An evidence-based new insight into treatment of diseases by hydrotherapy. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2019;10(1):57–69.
22. 22. Dumas H, Francesconi S. Aquatic therapy in pediatrics: annotated bibliography. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2001;20(4):63–78.
23. 23. Mooventhan A, Nivethitha L. Scientific evidence-based effects of hydrotherapy on various systems of the body. N Am J Med Sci. 2014;6(5):199–209. [
DOI]
24. 24. Yilmaz İ, Konukman F, Birkan B, Yanardağ M. Effects of most to least prompting on teaching simple progression swimming skill for children with Autism. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities. 2010;45(3):440–8.
25. 25. Mortimer R, Privopoulos M, Kumar S. The effectiveness of hydrotherapy in the treatment of social and behavioral aspects of children with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 2014;7:93–104. [
DOI]
26. 26. Arjmandnia AA, Azimigarosi S, Mohseni Ezhei A, Javadi Asayesh S. Effectiveness of hydrotherapy on the degree of aggression in children with Autism spectrum disorder: a single-subject study. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2018;7(4):249–60. [Persain] [
DOI]
27. 27. Kanupka JW, Oriel KN, George CL, Hanna A, Lloyd S, Snyders O. The impact of participation in an aquatic exercise program on behavior in children with Autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study. Austin J Autism & Relat Disabil. 2016;2(2):1019.
28. 28. Bumin G, Uyanik M, Yilmaz I, Kayihan H, Topçu M. Hydrotherapy for Rett syndrome. J Rehabil Med. 2003;35(1):44–5. [
DOI]
29. 29. Battaglia G, Agrò G, Cataldo P, Palma A, Alesi M. Influence of a specific aquatic program on social and Gross motor skills in adolescents with Autism spectrum disorders: three case reports. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2019;4(2):27. [
DOI]
30. 30. Fragala-Pinkham MA, Haley SM, O’Neil ME. Group swimming and aquatic exercise programme for children with Autism spectrum disorders: a pilot study. Dev Neurorehabil. 2011;14(4):230–41. [
DOI]
31. 31. Prupas A, Harvey WJ, Benjamin J. Early intervention aquatics a program for children with Autism and their families. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance. 2006;77(2):46–51. [
DOI]
32. 32. Lee J, Porretta DL. Enhancing the motor skills of children with Autism spectrum disorders: a pool-based approach. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance. 2013;84(1):41–5. [
DOI]
33. 33. Pan C-Y. Effects of water exercise swimming program on aquatic skills and social behaviors in children with Autism spectrum disorders. Autism. 2010;14(1):9–28. [
DOI]
34. 34. Gilliam JE. Gilliam Autism Rating Scale - Second edition (GARS-2). Texas: PRO-ED; 2006.
35. 35. Ahmadi S j, Safari T, Hemmatian M, Khalili Z. The psychometric properties of Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS). Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences. 2011;1(1):87–104. [Persian] [
Article]
36. 36. Grosse SJ. The Halliwick method: water freedom for individuals with disabilities. Milwaukee, WI: Aquatic Consulting and Education Resource Services; 2001.
37. 37. Becker BE, Hildenbrand K, Whitcomb RK, Sanders JP. Biophysiologic effects of warm water immersion. International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education. 2009;3(1):24–37. [
DOI]
38. 38. Petrofsky J, Baxter JJ, Bomgaars J, Burgert C, Jacobs S, Lyden D, et al. The influence of warm hydrotherapy on the cardiovascular system and muscle relaxation. California: Loma Linda University; 2003.
39. 39. Auyeung B, Lombardo MV, Heinrichs M, Chakrabarti B, Sule A, Deakin JB, et al. Oxytocin increases eye contact during a real-time, naturalistic social interaction in males with and without Autism. Transl Psychiatry. 2015;5(2):e507. [
DOI]
40. 40. Tollenaar MS, Chatzimanoli M, van der Wee NJA, Putman P. Enhanced orienting of attention in response to emotional gaze cues after oxytocin administration in healthy young men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38(9):1797–802. [
DOI]
41. 41. Domes G, Sibold M, Schulze L, Lischke A, Herpertz SC, Heinrichs M. Intranasal oxytocin increases covert attention to positive social cues. Psychol Med. 2013;43(8):1747–53. [
DOI]
42. 42. Yanardag M, Akmanoglu N, Yilmaz I. The effectiveness of video prompting on teaching aquatic play skills for children with Autism. Disabil Rehabil. 2013;35(1):47–56. [
DOI]
43. 43. Hebb DO. Drives and the C.N.S. (Conceptual Nervous System). Psychol Rev. 1955;62(4):243–54. [
DOI]