fa بررسی وضعیت و توزیع فراوانی علل آسیب بینایی در افراد زیر ۱۴ سال تحت پوشش سازمان بهزیستی استان اصفهان توانبخشی Rehabilitation مقاله پژوهشی اصیل Original Research Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>هدف</strong>: آسیب بینایی نقش مهمی در زندگی دارد. پژوهش‌های بسیاری به شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در آسیب بینایی پرداخته‌اند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی وضعیت و توزیع فراوانی علل آسیب بینایی در افراد زیر ۱۴ سال تحت پوشش سازمان بهزیستی در استان اصفهان بود.<br> <strong>روش‌بررسی</strong>: پژوهش حاضر، مطالعه‌ای از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی و با روش مقطعی بود. جامعهٔ آماری را افراد با آسیب بینایی زیر ۱۴ سال در استان اصفهان تشکیل دادند. نمونهٔ پژوهش شامل ۵۲۷ فرد با آسیب بینایی می‌شد که با روش نمونه‌گیری تمام‌شماری انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامهٔ جامع علل آسیب بینایی عاشوری و همکاران (۱۳۹۷) استفاده گردید. داده‌ها از طریق آزمون t، توزیع فراوانی و درصد، در سطح معناداری ۰٫۰۵ با استفاده از نسخهٔ ۲۴ نرم‌افزار SPSS تحلیل شد.<br> <strong>یافته‌ها</strong>: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که میانگین و انحراف معیار سن آزمودنی‌های پسر (۱٫۷۳ &plusmn; ۸٫۹۶) و دختر (۱٫۸۴ &plusmn; ۹٫۲۷) بود و نتایج آزمون آماری t مستقل نشان داد که دو گروه از نظر سنی تفاوت معناداری نداشته‌اند (۰٫۱۱=p) و به‌ترتیب علل ژنتیکی (۳۸٪) و مادرزادی (۳۰٪) از علل شایع‌تر آسیب بینایی بودند. علل آسیب بینایی براساس محل آسیب به‌ترتیب به اختلالات ماهیچه‌ای (۴۰٪)، اختلالات شبکیه (۲۴٪)، اختلالات عصب بینایی (۸٪)، اختلالات عدسی (۶٪)، خطاهای انکساری (۶٪) و اختلالات زلالیه (۵٪) مربوط می‌شد. علل آسیب بینایی بر اساس نام مشکل به‌ترتیب به علت استرابیسم (۲۳٪)، نیستاگموس (۱۰٪)، آتروفی و‌هایپوپلازی عصب بینایی (۸٪)، آمبلیوپیا (۷٪)، آب‌مروارید (۶٪)، آستیگماتیسم (۶٪)، گلوکوم (۵٪)، التهاب رنگدانهٔ شبکیه (۴٪)، آسیب‌دیدگی شبکیه ناشی از زودرسی (۳٪)، جداشدگی شبکیه (۳٪)، پارگی شبکیه (۳٪) و آلبنیسم (۳٪) بود.<br> <strong>نتیجه‌گیری</strong>: براساس یافته‌های پژوهش، فراوانی علل اصلی آسیب بینایی به‌ترتیب شامل علل ژنتیکی و مادرزادی می‌شد و براساس محل آسیب نیز بیشترین آسیب‌های بینایی به اختلالات ماهیچه‌ای و اختلالات شبکیه مربوط است.&nbsp;<span dir="LTR"></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background & Objective</strong>: Children with visual impairment and blind are one of the groups of children with special needs, and visual impairment widely recognised as one of the most common disabilities. Visual impairments and blindness play an important role in individual life. Of the particular education categories, we perhaps feel particularly uncomfortable interacting with persons with visual impairment. Visual impairment seems to evoke more awkwardness than most other disabilities. So, we are uncomfortably aware of blindness. Perhaps for the thing, blindness is visible. Blindness is primarily an adult disability. Most estimates indicate that blindness is approximately one-tenth as prevalent in school-age children as in adults. Approximately about 0.04 percent of the population age ranging from 6 to 21 years old as visually impaired and includes those who are blind or who have low vision. This classification is probably an underestimate because many blind children also have other disabilities, and school systems are instructed to report only the primary condition. When considering both children and adults, the most common visual problems are the result of errors of refraction. Refraction refers to the bending of the light rays as they pass through the various structures of the eye. Myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism (blurred vision) are examples of refraction errors that affect central visual acuity. Although each can be serious enough to cause significant impairment, wearing glasses or contact lenses usually can bring vision within normal limits. Myopia and hyperopia are the most common impairments or low vision people. The three most common causes of blindness in children are cortical visual impairment (CVI), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH). Concerning locus of causation, as a general rule, CVI occurs in the brain, ROP occurs in the eye, and ONH occurs in the nerve cells between the eye and the brain. Many studies have recognised effective factors and cause visual impairments and blindness. The study aimed to investigate the condition and frequency distribution of causes of the visual impairment in people aged under 14 supported by welfare organisation in Isfahan province.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: The present research was a descriptive- analytic type study and by the cross-sectional method. The statistical population of this research consisted of people with a visual impairment aged under 14 supported by welfare organization in Isfahan province in 2017-2018 Academic years. The sample of the present research consist of 527 people with visual impairment participated that selected by all counting sampling method from supported centers of welfare organization in Isfahan province. To data collection was used visual impairment causes comprehensive questionnaire (Ashori, Noruzi, Ghalamzan, Kalantari & Galil-Abkenar, 2018). The obtained data analyzed by using frequency distribution, percent and t-test with the 24th version of SPSS (<em>p</em><0.05).<br> <strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that participant of this research was from under middle socio-economical class. The scores mean and standard deviation of the age of the male participants were (8/96&plusmn;1/73), and female participants was (9/27&plusmn;1/84), and results of t-test showed that two groups had no significant difference in age (p=0.11). The most causes of visual impairment were from genetically (38%) and congenital (30%) causes, respectively. Based on impairment location, causes of visual impairment were from muscular disorders (40%), retina disorders (24%), visual nerve disorders (8%), lens disorders (6%), refractive error (6%) and aqueous humor disorders (5%), respectively. Based on name of impairment, causes of visual impairment were from strabismus (23%), nystagmus (10%), optic nerve atrophy and hypoplasia (8%), amblyopia (7%), cataract (6%), astigmatism (6%), glaucoma (5%), retinitis pigments (4%), retinopathy of prematurity (3%), retinal detachment (3%), retinal laceration (3%) and albinism (3%), respectively.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Based on the finding of this research, the most important causes of visual impairment were from genetically and congenital causes, respectively. Based on impairment location, the prevalence of visual impairment was from muscular disorders, retina disorders, visual nerve disorders, lens disorders, refractive error and aqueous humor disorders, respectively. Therefore, pay attention to the effective causes of visual impairments have a crucial role in prevention, early intervention and design of vision 2020 program in Iran.</div> آسیب بینایی, نابینا, کودکان, سازمان بهزیستی. Visual impairment, Blindness, Children, Welfare organisation. 52 52 http://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1083-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Ghasem Norouzi قاسم نوروزی g_norouzi@yahoo.co.uk 100319475328460030305 100319475328460030305 No University of Isfahan دانشگاه اصفهان Mohammad Ashori محمد عاشوری ashorihh2@gmail.com 100319475328460030306 100319475328460030306 Yes University of Isfahan دانشگاه اصفهان Shima Ghalamzan شیما قلمزن ghalamzan@gmail.com 100319475328460030307 100319475328460030307 No Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan دانشگاه اصفهان Ali Asghar Kalantari علی اصغر کلانتری g.norouzi@edu.ui.ac.ir 100319475328460030308 100319475328460030308 No Organization of Social Welfare of Isfahan سازمان بهزیستی اصفهان