Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies
مجله مطالعات ناتوانی
MEJDS
Medical Sciences
http://jdisabilstud.org
1
admin
2322-2840
2322-2840
10.29252/mejds
14
8888
13
fa
jalali
1401
12
1
gregorian
2023
3
1
13
Articles-1402
online
1
fulltext
fa
بررسی تأثیر هشت هفته تمرین استقامتی بههمراه مکمل استویا در بیان ژنهای درگیر در متابولیسم قوس هیپوتالاموس (POMC و MC4R) رتهای نر ویستار چاق
The Effect of 8 Weeks of Endurance Training with Stevia Supplementation on the Expression of Genes (POMC and MC4R) Involved in Hypothalamic Axis Metabolism in Obese Male Wistar Rats
توانبخشی
Rehabilitation
مقاله پژوهشی اصیل
Original Research Article
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:#231f20"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">چکیده</span></span></span></b></span></span><br>
<span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA">زمینه و هدف:</span></b><span lang="FA"> مطالعات در زمینۀ اثر تمرینات ورزشی و مکملهای غذایی بر بیان ژنهای هیپوتالاموسی درگیر در اشتها و چاقی اندک است؛ بنابراین، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر هشت هفته تمرین استقامتی بههمراه مکمل استویا در بیان ژنهای درگیر در متابولیسم قوس هیپوتالاموس (</span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">POMC</span><span lang="FA"> و </span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">MC4R</span><span lang="FA">) رتهای نر ویستار چاق انجام شد.</span></span></span><br>
<span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA">روشبررسی:</span></b><span lang="FA"> در این پژوهش تجربی، ۲۵ سر رت ویستار بالغ در پنج گروه قرار گرفتند. چهار گروه از آنها رژیم غذایی پرکالری را دریافت کردند تا چاق شوند. یک گروه نیز برنامهٔ غذایی معمولی را دنبال کرد. گروهها عبارت بود از: تمرین-چاق؛ مکمل استویا-چاق؛ تمرین و مکمل استویا-چاق؛ چاق؛ گواه. مکمل استویا بهمقدار ۲۵۰ میلیگرم بهازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن رت بهمدت پنج روز در هفته و در طی هشت هفته داده شد. برنامهٔ تمرینی راهرفتن روی تردمیل با شدت ۵۰تا۷۰درصد اکسیژن مصرفی بود. در پایان موشها بیهوش و ژنها استخراج شدند. تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه (آنوا) و آزمون تعقیبی </span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">LSD</span><span lang="FA"> بهوسیلۀ نرمافزار </span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">SPSS</span><span lang="FA"> نسخهٔ ۱۹ در سطح معناداری ۰٫۰۵ صورت گرفت. </span></span></span><br>
<span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA">یافتهها:</span></b><span lang="FA"> نتایج آزمون آنوا نشان داد، بین گروههای مطالعهشده در ژن </span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">MC4R</span><span lang="FA"> هیچ اختلاف معناداری وجود نداشت (۰٫۶۸۴=</span><i><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">p</span></i><span lang="FA">)؛ ولی در ژن </span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">POMC</span><span lang="FA"> اختلاف معناداری مشاهده شد (۰٫۰۳۱=</span><i><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">p</span></i><span lang="FA">). براساس نتایج آزمون تعقیبی </span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">LSD</span><span lang="FA">، بین گروه چاق با گروه گواه (۰٫۰۰۳=</span><i><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">p</span></i><i><span lang="FA">)</span></i> <span lang="FA">و بین گروه چاق با گروه استویا+ورزش (۰٫۰۱۵=</span><i><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">p</span></i><i><span lang="FA">)</span></i><span lang="FA"> در بیان ژن </span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">POMC</span><span lang="FA"> تفاوت معنادار وجود داشت. </span></span></span><br>
<span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA">نتیجهگیری:</span></b><span lang="FA"> تمرین استقامتی و مکمل استویا باعث افزایش بیان ژنهای درگیر در متابولیسم قوس هیپوتالاموس (</span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">POMC</span><span lang="FA"> و </span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US">MC4R</span><span lang="FA">) و متعاقب آن، کاهش اشتها میشود.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color:#231f20"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Abstract</span></span></span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span><br>
<span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="EN-US">Background<b> </b>&</span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="EN-US">Objectives:</span></b> <span lang="EN-US">Obesity</span> <span lang="EN-US">results from</span> <span lang="EN-US">complex</span> <span lang="EN-US">interactions</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">environment,</span> <span lang="EN-US">genetic</span> <span lang="EN-US">factors,</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">human</span> <span lang="EN-US">behavior.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Studies</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">families,</span> <span lang="EN-US">adopted</span> <span lang="EN-US">children,</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">twins</span> <span lang="EN-US">have</span> <span lang="EN-US">shown</span> <span lang="EN-US">that</span> <span lang="EN-US">45%–75%</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">changes</span> <span lang="EN-US">in</span> <span lang="EN-US">body</span> <span lang="EN-US">mass</span> <span lang="EN-US">index</span> <span lang="EN-US">(BMI)</span> <span lang="EN-US">between</span> <span lang="EN-US">individuals</span> <span lang="EN-US">are</span> <span lang="EN-US">due</span> <span lang="EN-US">to</span> <span lang="EN-US">genetic</span> <span lang="EN-US">factors.</span> <span lang="EN-US">The</span> <span lang="EN-US">melanocortin</span> <span lang="EN-US">4</span> <span lang="EN-US">receptor</span> <span lang="EN-US">(<i>MC4R</i>)</span> <span lang="EN-US">gene</span> <span lang="EN-US">is</span> <span lang="EN-US">a</span> <span lang="EN-US">single</span> <span lang="EN-US">exon</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">expresses</span> <span lang="EN-US">a</span> <span lang="EN-US">protein</span> <span lang="EN-US">receptor</span> <span lang="EN-US">containing</span> <span lang="EN-US">323</span> <span lang="EN-US">amino</span> <span lang="EN-US">acids.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Mutations</span> <span lang="EN-US">in</span> <span lang="EN-US">this</span> <span lang="EN-US">gene</span> <span lang="EN-US">cause</span> <span lang="EN-US">partial</span> <span lang="EN-US">or</span> <span lang="EN-US">complete</span> <span lang="EN-US">loss</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">function</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">this</span> <span lang="EN-US">receptor,</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">by</span> <span lang="EN-US">disrupting</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">energy</span> <span lang="EN-US">homeostasis</span> <span lang="EN-US">system,</span> <span lang="EN-US">it</span> <span lang="EN-US">is</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">most</span> <span lang="EN-US">common</span> <span lang="EN-US">cause</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">monogenic</span> <span lang="EN-US">obesity</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">an</span> <span lang="EN-US">important</span> <span lang="EN-US">component</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">polygenic</span> <span lang="EN-US">obesity.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Studies</span> <span lang="EN-US">on</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">effect</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">exercise</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">dietary</span> <span lang="EN-US">supplements</span> <span lang="EN-US">on</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">expression</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">hypothalamic</span> <span lang="EN-US">genes</span> <span lang="EN-US">involved</span> <span lang="EN-US">in</span> <span lang="EN-US">appetite</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">obesity</span> <span lang="EN-US">are</span> <span lang="EN-US">limited.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Therefore,</span> <span lang="EN-US">this</span> <span lang="EN-US">study</span> <span lang="EN-US">investigated</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">effect</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">8</span> <span lang="EN-US">weeks</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">endurance</span> <span lang="EN-US">training</span> <span lang="EN-US">with</span> <span lang="EN-US">stevia</span> <span lang="EN-US">supplementation</span> <span lang="EN-US">on</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">expression</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">genes</span> <span lang="EN-US">(<i>POMC</i></span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <i><span lang="EN-US">MC4R</span></i><span lang="EN-US">)</span> <span lang="EN-US">involved</span> <span lang="EN-US">in</span> <span lang="EN-US">hypothalamic</span> <span lang="EN-US">axis</span> <span lang="EN-US">metabolism</span> <span lang="EN-US">in</span> <span lang="EN-US">obese</span> <span lang="EN-US">male</span> <span lang="EN-US">Wistar</span> <span lang="EN-US">rats.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt"></span></span><br>
<span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></b> <span lang="EN-US">In</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">present</span> <span lang="EN-US">experimental</span> <span lang="EN-US">study,</span> <span lang="EN-US">25</span> <span lang="EN-US">adult</span> <span lang="EN-US">Wistar</span> <span lang="EN-US">rats</span> <span lang="EN-US">were</span> <span lang="EN-US">divided</span> <span lang="EN-US">into</span> <span lang="EN-US">5</span> <span lang="EN-US">groups.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Four</span> <span lang="EN-US">groups</span> <span lang="EN-US">underwent</span> <span lang="EN-US">a</span> <span lang="EN-US">high–calorie</span> <span lang="EN-US">diet</span> <span lang="EN-US">to</span> <span lang="EN-US">gain</span> <span lang="EN-US">weight;</span> <span lang="EN-US">one</span> <span lang="EN-US">group</span> <span lang="EN-US">followed</span> <span lang="EN-US">a</span> <span lang="EN-US">normal</span> <span lang="EN-US">diet.</span> <span lang="EN-US">The</span> <span lang="EN-US">groups</span> <span lang="EN-US">were as follows:</span> <span lang="EN-US">exercise–obese,</span> <span lang="EN-US">stevia</span> <span lang="EN-US">supplement–obese,</span> <span lang="EN-US">exercise</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">stevia</span> <span lang="EN-US">supplement–obese,</span> <span lang="EN-US">obese,</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">control.</span> <span lang="EN-US">The</span> <span lang="EN-US">supplement</span> <span lang="EN-US">groups</span> <span lang="EN-US">received</span> <span lang="EN-US">stevia</span> <span lang="EN-US">at</span> <span lang="EN-US">a</span> <span lang="EN-US">dose</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">250</span> <span lang="EN-US">mg</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span lang="EN-US">kg</span> <span lang="EN-US">body</span> <span lang="EN-US">weight</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">rats</span> <span lang="EN-US">5</span> <span lang="EN-US">days</span> <span lang="EN-US">a</span> <span lang="EN-US">week</span> <span lang="EN-US">for</span> <span lang="EN-US">8</span> <span lang="EN-US">weeks.</span> <span lang="EN-US">The</span> <span lang="EN-US">training</span> <span lang="EN-US">program</span> <span lang="EN-US">consisted</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">walking</span> <span lang="EN-US">on</span> <span lang="EN-US">a</span> <span lang="EN-US">treadmill</span> <span lang="EN-US">with</span> <span lang="EN-US">an</span> <span lang="EN-US">intensity</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">50%</span> <span lang="EN-US">to</span> <span lang="EN-US">70%</span> <span lang="EN-US">oxygen</span> <span lang="EN-US">consumption,</span> <span lang="EN-US">which</span> <span lang="EN-US">started</span> <span lang="EN-US">at</span> <span lang="EN-US">15</span> <span lang="EN-US">m/min</span> <span lang="EN-US">in</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">first</span> <span lang="EN-US">week</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">reached</span> <span lang="EN-US">a</span> <span lang="EN-US">speed</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">22</span> <span lang="EN-US">m/min</span> <span lang="EN-US">in</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">eighth</span> <span lang="EN-US">week.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Also,</span> <span lang="EN-US">in</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">first</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">last</span> <span lang="EN-US">5</span> <span lang="EN-US">minutes,</span> <span lang="EN-US">walking at a speed of 10 m/min was performed to warm up and cool down, respectively.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Finally,</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">mice</span> <span lang="EN-US">were</span> <span lang="EN-US">anesthetized</span> <span lang="EN-US">using</span> <span lang="EN-US">a</span> <span lang="EN-US">combination</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">70</span> <span lang="EN-US">to</span> <span lang="EN-US">30</span> <span lang="EN-US">ketamine</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">xylazine</span> <span lang="EN-US">(the</span> <span lang="EN-US">injection</span> <span lang="EN-US">rate</span> <span lang="EN-US">was</span> <span lang="EN-US">one</span> <span lang="EN-US">large</span> <span lang="EN-US">syringe</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span lang="EN-US">100</span> <span lang="EN-US">g</span> <span lang="EN-US">body</span> <span lang="EN-US">weight).</span> <span lang="EN-US">Tissue</span> <span lang="EN-US">sampling</span> <span lang="EN-US">was</span> <span lang="EN-US">performed</span><span lang="EN-US"> in </span><span lang="EN-US">under</span> <span lang="EN-US">90</span> <span lang="EN-US">s.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Tissue</span> <span lang="EN-US">was</span> <span lang="EN-US">cast</span> <span lang="EN-US">into</span> <span lang="EN-US">microtube</span> <span lang="EN-US">shield</span> <span lang="EN-US">RNA</span> <span lang="EN-US">after</span> <span lang="EN-US">selection.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Immediately</span> <span lang="EN-US">after</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">mRNAs</span> <span lang="EN-US">were</span> <span lang="EN-US">fixed,</span> <span lang="EN-US">they</span> <span lang="EN-US">were</span> <span lang="EN-US">transferred</span> <span lang="EN-US">into</span> <span lang="EN-US">liquid</span> <span lang="EN-US">nitrogen</span> <span lang="EN-US">at</span> <span lang="EN-US">–180°C</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">sent</span> <span lang="EN-US">to</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">laboratory.</span> <span lang="EN-US">It</span> <span lang="EN-US">was</span> <span lang="EN-US">placed</span> <span lang="EN-US">in</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">laboratory</span> <span lang="EN-US">at</span> <span lang="EN-US">–80°C,</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">genes</span> <span lang="EN-US">were</span> <span lang="EN-US">extracted.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Data</span> <span lang="EN-US">were</span> <span lang="EN-US">analyzed</span> <span lang="EN-US">using</span> <span lang="EN-US">1–way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and</span> <span lang="EN-US">LSD</span> <span lang="EN-US">post</span> <span lang="EN-US">hoc</span> <span lang="EN-US">test</span> <span lang="EN-US">by</span> <span lang="EN-US">SPSS</span> <span lang="EN-US">software</span> <span lang="EN-US">version</span> <span lang="EN-US">19</span> <span lang="EN-US">at</span> <span lang="EN-US">a</span> <span lang="EN-US">significance</span> <span lang="EN-US">level</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">0.05.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt"></span></b></span><br>
<span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> The ANOVA showed no significant difference between the studied groups in the <i>MC4R</i> gene (<i>p</i>=0.684). But a significant difference was observed in the <i>POMC</i> gene (<i>p</i>=0.031). Based on the results of the LSD post hoc test, there was a significant difference in <i>POMC</i> gene expression between the obese group and the control group (<i>p</i>=0.003) and between the obese group and the stevia plus exercise group (<i>p</i>=0.015).</span></span><br>
<span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="EN-US">Conclusion:</span></b> <span lang="EN-US">Based</span> <span lang="EN-US">on</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">findings</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">this</span> <span lang="EN-US">study,</span> <span lang="EN-US">endurance</span> <span lang="EN-US">training</span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <span lang="EN-US">stevia</span> <span lang="EN-US">supplementation</span> <span lang="EN-US">increased</span> <span lang="EN-US">the</span> <span lang="EN-US">expression</span> <span lang="EN-US">of</span> <span lang="EN-US">genes</span> <span lang="EN-US">(<i>POMC</i></span> <span lang="EN-US">and</span> <i><span lang="EN-US">MC4R</span></i><span lang="EN-US">) involved</span> <span lang="EN-US">in</span> <span lang="EN-US">hypothalamic</span> <span lang="EN-US">axis</span> <span lang="EN-US">metabolism</span> <span lang="EN-US">and subsequently decreased appetite. </span></span></span></span></p>
MC4R, POMC, استویا, تمرین استقامتی
MC4R, POMC, Stevia, Endurance training
8
8
http://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_code=A-11-2949-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Farzaneh
Mohammadi
فرزانه
محمدی
f.mohammadi2022@yahoo.com
100319475328460054901
100319475328460054901
No
MSc Student, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sports Physiology, Shahroud University of Technology, Shahroud, Iran
دانشجوی کارشناسیارشد، دانشکدهٔ تربیتبدنی و علوم ورزشی، گرایش فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
Ali
Younesian
علی
یونسیان
ayounesian@shahroodut.ac.ir
100319475328460054902
100319475328460054902
Yes
Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sports Physiology, Shahroud University of Technology, Shahroud, Iran
دانشیار، دانشکدهٔ تربیتبدنی و علوم ورزشی، گرایش فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
Seyed Javad
Zia-ul-Haq
سیدجواد
ضیاء الحق
javadzia@gmail.com
100319475328460054903
100319475328460054903
No
Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Physiology, Shahroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahroud, Iran
استادیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران