Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies

fa مقایسهٔ نمرهٔ افسردگی در انواع مختلف مسکن و طبقات مسکونی در ساکنین شهر اصفهان Comparing Depression Scores in Different Types of Housing and Residential Floors in the Residents of Isfahan City, Iran روانشناسی Psychology مقاله پژوهشی اصیل Original Research Article چکیده زمینه و هدف: افسردگی بیماری است که می‌‌تواند در حوزه‌‌های گوناگون برای افراد ایجاد اختلال کند و عوامل متعددی با آن ارتباط دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسهٔ نمرهٔ افسردگی در انواع مختلف مسکن و طبقات مسکونی در ساکنان شهر اصفهان انجام شد. روش‌بررسی: مطالعهٔ حاضر از نوع توصیفی‌تحلیلی بود. جامعهٔ آماری را ساکنان شهر اصفهان تشکیل دادند که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌‌ای، ساکنان ۳۲۰ واحد مسکونی برای انجام تحقیق انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسش‌نامهٔ سنجش افسردگی (لاویبوند و لاویبوند، ۱۹۹۵) به‌کار رفت. نوع مسکن و طبقهٔ مسکونی و تعداد واحد در طبقه نیز هدف پرسش قرار گرفت. از هر واحد مسکونی حداقل دو پرسش‌نامهٔ تکمیل‌شده دریافت شد. تحلیل آماری داده‌‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل واریانس ناپارامتری کروسکال‌والیس و آزمون‌ یومن‌ویتنی در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ ۲۴ در سطح معناداری ۰٫۰۵ صورت گرفت. یافته‌‌ها: میانگین نمرهٔ افسردگی در گروه‌‌های مختلف از نظر نوع مسکن و تعداد واحد در طبقه و شمارهٔ طبقه، اختلاف معناداری داشت و در ساختمان‌‌های آپارتمانی بلندمرتبه درمقایسه با سایر انواع مسکن بیشتر بود (۰٫۰۰۱>p). این میانگین در ساکنان طبقات بالاتر به‌طور معناداری بیشتر از سایر ساکنان به‌دست آمد (۰٫۰۰۱>p)؛ همچنین در ساختمان‌‌هایی با تعداد واحد بیشتر در هر طبقه، به‌طور معناداری بیشتر بود (۰٫۰۰۱>p). نتیجه‌‌گیری: براساس یافته‌‌های پژوهش میانگین نمرات افسردگی براساس نوع مسکن و طبقهٔ مسکونی و تعداد واحد در طبقه اختلاف معناداری دارد. از نتایج پژوهش می‌‌توان در طراحی محیط‌‌های مسکونی به‌منظور جلوگیری از ایجاد یا تشدید بیماری افسردگی استفاده کرد. Abstract Background & Objectives: The impact of living in an inappropriate residence is evident in causing mental health issues like depression and other mental disorders, as well as its complications on the individual and social aspects of the people. It seems necessary to investigate the relationships between types of residence, floors, number of units on each floor, and depression. Also, people spend most of their time at their homes. In addition, it is crucial to pay attention to the residential spaces and their effects on mental health with respect to the unwanted attendance of people at their homes due to special situations like the coronavirus outbreak, which makes the houses multifunctional. Analyzing this relationship and concentrating on it by architects while designing procedures can elevate residential desirability toward reducing depression. Considering the significance of housing desirability for improving mental health and preventing mental disorders or complications like depression (due to its high occurrence), this research aims to explore the relationship between the type of housing, floor, and depression rate in residential environments of Isfahan City, Iran. Methods: The current study is descriptive–correlational, and the statistical population consists of all residents of 15 municipality districts of Isfahan City. So, 320 residential units were selected for investigation using a random cluster sampling method. The exclusion criteria were as follows: not answering all questions in the questionnaire and living less than one year in the unit, as the features of the residential place exhibit after one year of living in that area.Lovibond Depression Questionnaire (1995) was applied to collect data. In the following, the type of housing, floors, and number of units on each floor, along with other residential environment characteristics, were asked and investigated. Also, at least two completed questionnaires were received from each residential unit. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze data. The Cronbach alpha index, composite reliability, and convergent validity were obtained at 0.974, 0.975, and 0.662 for depression variables, respectively. It should be noted that 0.05 was considered the significance level for all tests. Results: Concerning the Kruskal–Wallis results, there were significant differences between depression scores based on the four types of residence: housing, apartments up to 3 floors, apartments between 3 to 9 floors, and apartments more than 10 floors (p< 0.001). A significant difference was seen between the mean depression scores of paired housing, apartments up to 3 floors, apartments between 3 to 9 floors, and apartments more than 10 floors groups (p< 0.05). So, it can be said that the people’s depression scores have significant differences regarding the apartments with more than 10 floors, and the people in these apartments are more depressed than others (p<0.001). The depression scores of people who lived on the fifth or upper floors were significantly higher than other groups, and people who lived there were more depressed. Also, there were significant differences between 5 groups of one unit, two units, three units, four units, and five or more units regarding the mean depression scores (p<0.001). The depression score of people living in five or more units on every floor was significantly different from other groups, and people who lived there were more depressed. Also, the number of units at each floor variable and average depression score were different among various groups (p<0.001). Residents of large houses were expected to gain lower depression scores than those who lived in apartment buildings, but the research did not approve of that. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the residential floor, the number of units on each floor, and depression score. The results of this research can be used in designing residential environments to prevent depression or avoid its complications. نوع مسکن, آپارتمان بلند, محیط مسکونی, افسردگی, اصفهان Type of residence, High–rise apartments, Residential environment, Depression, Isfahan 122 122 http://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_code=A-11-3014-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Atefeh Saeidi Ghahe عاطفه سعیدی قهه a.saeidi@khuisf.ac.ir 100319475328460059485 100319475328460059485 No PhD Student, Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران Bahram Shahedi بهرام شاهدی shahedi.4068@khuisf.ac.ir 100319475328460059484 100319475328460059484 Yes Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran استادیار دانشکدهٔ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران Gholam Reza Kheirabadi غلامرضا خیرآبادی kheirabadi@bsrc.mui.ac.ir 100319475328460059486 100319475328460059486 No Associate Professor, Psychiatry Department, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، گروه روان‌پزشکی، دانشکدهٔ پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم‌پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Mohammad Javad Tarrahi محمد جواد طراحی tarrahi_mj@hlth.mui.ac.ir 100319475328460059487 100319475328460059487 No Associate Professor in Epidemiology, Epidemiology & Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran دانشیار اپیدمیولوژی، گروه اپیدمیولوژی و آمار، دانشکدهٔ بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم‌پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران