Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies

fa بررسی اثربخشی آموزش تنظیم هیجان بر ترس از کاهش قند خون و اجتناب تجربی در بیماران دیابتی نوع دو Investigating the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training on the Fear of Hypoglycemia and Experiential Avoidance in Type 2 Diabetics روانشناسی Psychology مقاله پژوهشی اصیل Original Research Article چکیده زمینه و هدف: دیابت، اختلالی متابولیک پیش‌رونده و مزمن است و هیجانات در کنترل این بیماری نقش مهمی دارند. مطالعهٔ حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی آموزش تنظیم هیجان بر ترس از کاهش قند خون (هیپوگلیسمی) و اجتناب تجربی در بیماران دیابتی نوع دو انجام گرفت. روش‌‌بررسی: پژوهش حاضر، نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش &rlm;آزمون و پس &rlm;آزمون همراه با گروه گواه بود. جامعهٔ آماری پژوهش را ۱۲۵۰ بیمار دیابتی نوع دو تحت پوشش انجمن خیریهٔ حمایت از بیماران دیابتی کل کشور در سال ۱۴۰۰ تشکیل دادند. از بین آن‌ها چهل نفر از بیماران داوطلب با روش نمونه&rlm; گیری هدفمند و با درنظرگرفتن معیارهای ورود، وارد پژوهش شدند. سپس به‌طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و گواه قرار گرفتند. ابزارهای استفاده‌شده در پژوهش مقیاس ترس از افت قند خون (کاکس و همکاران، ۱۹۸۷) و پرسش‌نامهٔ اجتناب تجربی (گامز و همکاران، ۲۰۱۱) بود. گروه آزمایش در هشت جلسه برنامهٔ آموزش تنظیم هیجان شرکت کرد؛ درحالی‌که برای گروه گواه هیچ‌گونه مداخله&rlm;‌ای ارائه نشد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس تک‌متغیره در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ ۲۲ صورت گرفت. سطح معنادارای ۰٬۰۵ در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد، آموزش تنظیم هیجان بر کاهش نمرات ترس از کاهش قند خون (هیپوگلیسمی) و اجتناب تجربی در بیماران دیابتی نوع دو اثر دارد (۰٫۰۰۱>p). نتیجه‌گیری: براساس یافته&rlm;‌ها باتوجه به تأثیر آموزش گروهی تنظیم هیجان برای کاهش مشکلات روان‌شناختی، طراحی مداخلات درمانی در بیماران دیابتی پیشنهاد می‌شود. Abstract Background & Objectives: Diabetes is a progressive and chronic metabolic disorder. Type 2 diabetes is the result of the body's ineffective use of insulin. However, emotions play an important role in controlling this disease. Previous studies on emotion regulation have focused more on the relationship between emotion regulation components and approaches to mental health. Its effectiveness has been addressed less. This gap is more evident in diabetes. This study investigated the efficacy of emotion regulation training on hypoglycemia fear and experiential avoidance in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: The present study was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study included 1250 type 2 diabetic patients covered by the Charity Association for the Protection of Diabetic Patients in Tehran City, Iran, in 2021. Among them, 40 eligible volunteer patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected by purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The inclusion criteria were as follows: residing in Tehran during the therapy sessions, passing at least six months since the disease onset, not using other psychological and psychiatric services simultaneous with this study, being able to attend the therapy sessions, being able to read and write, lacking serious sensory, neurological or psychological diseases like migraine, hearing and vision problems and personality disorders. The exclusion criteria were disobeying the group regulation in the first session and the absence of more than therapy sessions. The instruments used in this study were the Fear of Hypoglycemia Scale (Cox et al. 1987), which has 28 items. Cox et al. examined the validity of the original version of this questionnaire through the test–retest method. They reported the validity coefficients as 0.85 for the whole questionnaire, 0.76 for the behavior subscale, and 0.64 for anxiety subscale. Another tool was the Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (Gamz et al. 2011), with 62 questions and six components. Its Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.92 for the whole questionnaire. The therapy sessions protocol was established based on Gross and Thompson's (2007) approach. The experimental group participated in eight 1.5–hour sessions, training the emotion regulation program, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using analysis of covariance in SPSS22 software. Results: The results of the data analysis showed that emotion regulation training reduced the fear of hypoglycemia and experimental avoidance of diabetic patients in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.001). By pretest control, the significant levels of all tests indicate a significant difference between type 2 diabetic patients in the experimental group and at least one of the variables of hypoglycemia fear, experiential avoidance (p<0.001). The effect or difference is equal to 0.87. In other words, emotional regulation training has reduced the fear of hypoglycemia and experiential avoidance of type 2 diabetic patients in the experimental group according to the mean fear of hypoglycemia and experiential avoidance of type 2 diabetes in the experimental group compared to the mean of the control group in the posttest stage. The effect or difference rates for fear of hypoglycemia and experiential avoidance were 0.74 and 0.78, respectively. In other words, 74% and 78% of individual differences in the posttest scores of hypoglycemia fear and experiential avoidance in type 2 diabetic patients are related to the effect of emotional regulation training. Conclusion: Based on the current study results, teaching emotion regulation improves and controls fear of hypoglycemia and reduces experiential avoidance. Therefore, this therapeutic method is recommended to reduce the fear of hypoglycemia and experiential avoidance. It can be considered in designing psychological therapies for patients with type 2 diabetes.  آموزش تنظیم هیجان, ترس از هیپوگلیسمی, اجتناب تجربی, دیابت نوع دو Emotion regulation training, Fear of hypoglycemia, Experiential avoidance, Type 2 diabetes 117 117 http://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_code=A-12-3067-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Shahab Valizadeh Shafagh شهاب ولی زاده شفق shahabshafagh@gmail.com 100319475328460068518 100319475328460068518 No Department of Psychology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران Somayyeh Taklavi سمیه تکلوی s.taklavi@iauardabil.ac.ir 100319475328460068519 100319475328460068519 Yes Department of Psychology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران Reza Kazemi رضا کاظمی R.kazemi@iauardabil.ac.ir 100319475328460068520 100319475328460068520 No Department of Psychology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران