Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies

fa تحلیلی جامع از ارزیابی آمادگی قلبی-تنفسی در افراد مبتلا به ناتوانی هوشی: مطالعهٔ مروری نظام‌مند A Comprehensive Analysis of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Intellectually-Disabled People: A Systematic Review Study توانبخشی Rehabilitation مقاله مرور نظام‌مند Systematic Review Article چکیده زمینه و هدف: ارزیابی دقیق آمادگی قلبی-تنفسی برای آگاهی و ارائهٔ مداخلات تمرینی و پیشگیری از بیماری‌های بعدی ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسد؛ بنابراین هدف تحقیق حاضر، تحلیلی جامع از ارزیابی آمادگی قلبی-تنفسی در افراد مبتلا به ناتوانی هوشی بود. روش‌بررسی: مطالعهٔ حاضر، مروری نظام‌مند بود. جست‌وجو در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتیPubMed ، Web of Science،Medline ،Google scholar ، Scopus و همچنین در پایگاه‌های فارسی، پایگاه مرکز اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی، MedLib (بانک جامع مقالات پزشکی)، IranMedex، پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران (IRANDOC) و بانک اطلاعات نشریات کشور (MAGIRAN) تا سال ۲۰۲۱ صورت گرفت. در هر پایگاه داده، جست‌وجویی با درنظرگرفتن ترکیبی از کلمات کلیدی ازقبیل ناتوانی هوشی، آمادگی جسمانی، آزمون، آمادگی قلبی-تنفسی، ویژگی روان‌سنجی و آزمودنی انجام شد. در این مطالعه، مقالاتی بررسی شدند که به ارزیابی آمادگی قلبی-تنفسی اختصاصی افراد مبتلا به ناتوانی هوشی پرداخته بودند و جدول ریسک تورش برای ارزیابی کیفیت مقالات به‌کار رفت. یافته‌ها: از بین ۱۰۸۶ مقالهٔ شناسایی‌شده، در هیجده مقاله معیارهای ورود مدنظر برای مطالعهٔ نهایی به‌دست آمد. درمجموع، نُه مجموعه آزمون آمادگی جسمانی اختصاصی و هشت مطالعه به‌صورت مقاله که به ارزیابی اختصاصی آمادگی قلبی-تنفسی پرداخته بودند، شناسایی و بررسی شد. درکل، شناسایی هیجده آزمون مختلف آمادگی جسمانی دارای روایی و پایایی و قابلیت امکان‌سنجی برای ارزیابی آمادگی قلبی-تنفسی افراد با کم‌توانی ذهنی صورت گرفت. به‌ترتیب آزمون‌های پیاده‌روی/دویدن و پیسر، فراوانی بیشتری در بین آزمون‌های عملکردی آمادگی قلبی-تنفسی اختصاصی افراد مبتلا به ناتوانی هوشی داشتند. نتیجه‌گیری: باتوجه به تعداد زیاد آزمون‌های قلبی-تنفسی اختصاصی افراد مبتلا به ناتوانی هوشی و ارتباط بین این فاکتور و سلامتی، نیاز به استانداردسازی و اجماع ارزیابی‌های اختصاصی وجود دارد تا آزمونی انتخاب شود که دارای بیشترین تناسب با هدف و ارزیابی خاص این گروه باشد. <div style="text-align: justify;">Abstract Background & Objectives: Intellectual disability is associated with many comorbidities, such as epilepsy, cerebral palsy (CP), and anxiety disorders, and can affect the health status of the individual. The physical fitness (PF) of people with intellectual disability is lower than typical developing peers, making them particularly vulnerable to health problems in adulthood. People with intellectual disabilities show lower aerobic capacity in childhood (8–10 years), adolescence (11–14 years), and youth (15–18 years) than healthy counterparts, and this difference gradually increases with age increases. With this in mind, PF assessment is a simple, safe, and low–cost tool that allows several health indicators to be evaluated. Based on the PF level of children, educational and public health strategies and policies can be developed. Accurate evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness seems necessary to prepare and present training interventions to prevent subsequent diseases. Therefore, this study aims to examine and summarize a set of tests and specific field tests related to cardiorespiratory fitness in people with intellectual disabilities. Methods: The present study was a systematic review. The relevant data were selected, collected, and analyzed from studies on physical fitness and the health of people with mental disabilities. Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus, as well as Persian databases, Jahad Daneshgahi Scientific Information Center database, MedLib (Comprehensive Database of Medical Articles), IranMedex, Iran Research Institute of Information Science and Technology (IRANDOC) and the country's publications database (MAGIRAN), were searched until 2021. The articles searched should include a set of PF tests. The search was performed in each database based on predefined keywords. The data extraction process and literature results were evaluated according to PRISMA (preferential reporting items for systematic and meta–analysis) guidelines. After collecting studies from databases, duplicate items were removed. Two authors screened the remaining articles, considering their 'Titles' and 'Abstracts' to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. During the study selection process, one researcher blindly analyzed the 'Titles' and 'Abstracts.' As the 'Titles' and 'Abstracts' did not contain enough information to make an informed decision, a researcher reviewed the full text. Related articles were retrieved for the whole study. Then, two authors reviewed the full text of the potential studies, and consensus made decisions to include or exclude the studies. Disputes were resolved by consensus; if necessary, the third arbitrator, as a judge, assisted in the review and selection. Results: A total of 1086 articles were identified, and with the removal of duplicates, the number reached 448 articles. The analysis of the articles 'Titles' and 'Abstracts' showed that 332 articles did not meet the required criteria, and led to their deletion. The full text of the remaining 116 articles was studied, and 98 articles were deleted. Finally, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria for the final study. Of these 18 articles, ten studies were related to a set of health–related fitness tests in people with intellectual disability that examined cardiorespiratory fitness with functional tests, and 8 studies were articles that examined cardiorespiratory fitness in people with intellectual disability with functional tests. In addition, the tests of these articles did not exist in the set of physical fitness tests of people with intellectual disability and were not repetitive. About 53 sets of physical fitness tests were found, of which 10 were related to people with disabilities (intellectual disability) according to the study criteria. According to the PF factors evaluated in this set of tests and the large volume of material, the important factor of PF in people with intellectual disability and the cardiorespiratory fitness factor were studied to examine the content more accurately. Through this set of tests and articles, 18 functional tests of cardiorespiratory fitness related to people with intellectual disabilities were identified. Conclusion: Given the relationship between physical fitness and health and the opportunity provided by the school environment to assess physical fitness in people with intellectual disabilities, we need to standardize and reach a consensus on specific physical fitness assessments for people with intellectual disabilities in this environment</div> کم‌توان ذهنی, آمادگی جسمانی, آمادگی قلبی-تنفسی, مجموعه آزمون Intellectual disability, Physical fitness, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Test set 19 19 http://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_code=A-11-3111-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Rahman Amiri رحمان امیری Amiri.rahman20@yahoo.com 100319475328460061249 100319475328460061249 Yes PhD Student in Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran دانشجوی دکتری آسیب‌شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکدهٔ تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران Hassan Daneshmandi حسن دانشمندی Danesh@guilan.ac.ir 100319475328460061250 100319475328460061250 No Professor of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran استاد دانشکدهٔ تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران Hamid Sharifnia حمید شریف نیا h.sharifnia@mazums.ac.ir 100319475328460061251 100319475328460061251 No Associate Professor, Nursing Faculty, Mazandaran Univesity of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran دانشیار گروه پرستاری دانشگاه علوم‌پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران