Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies

fa تدوین و بررسی اثربخشی بستهٔ آموزشی مبتنی‌بر مؤلفه‌های سلامت روان بر سلامت روان دانش‌آموزان دختر ۱۴-۱۲ سالهٔ شهر تبریز Compiling and Investigating the Effectiveness of the Educational Package Based on Mental Health Components on the Mental Health of Female Students Aged 12-14 in Tabriz City, Iran موضوع اول Subject 01 مقاله پژوهشی اصیل Original Research Article چکیده زمینه و هدف: سلامت روان در رشد و بالندگی خانواده و جامعه مؤثر است. پژوهش حاضر باهدف تدوین و بررسی اثربخشی بستهٔ آموزشی مبتنی‌بر مؤلفه‌های سلامت روان بر سلامت روان دانش‌آموزان دختر ۱۲تا۱۴سالهٔ شهر تبریز انجام شد. روش‌بررسی: پژوهش حاضر طرح آمیخته (کیفی-کمی) بود. در بخش کیفی بااستفاده از روش فراترکیب، عوامل مؤثر بر سلامت روان استخراج شد. در مرحلهٔ کمی، بررسی اثربخشی بستهٔ طراحی‌شده به‌روش نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون همراه با گروه گواه صورت گرفت. جامعهٔ آماری را دانش‌آموزان دختر ۱۲تا۱۴سالهٔ ارجاع داده‌شده از مدارس به مرکز مشاورهٔ آموزش‌وپرورش به‌دلیل مشکلات رفتاری و تحصیلی تشکیل دادند که به‌روش دردسترس وارد مطالعه شدند. نمونهٔ آماری شامل سی نفر بود که در فرم کوتاه پرسش‌نامهٔ سلامت روان (کیز، ۲۰۰۲) نمرات کمتری (بین ۱۴تا۲۸) کسب کردند. برای گروه آزمایش به‌مدت هشت جلسه آموزش ارائه شد. فرم کوتاه پرسش‌نامهٔ سلامت روان (کیز، ۲۰۰۲) در گروه‌های آزمایش و گواه در دو مرحله (قبل و بعد از آموزش) به‌کار رفت. تحلیل داده‌ها به‌روش تحلیل کوواریانس تک‌متغیره و آزمون‌های تی مستقل و خی‌دو در سطح معناداری ۰٫۰۵ به‌کمک نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها: براساس عوامل مستخرج از روش فراترکیب، بستهٔ آموزشی هشت‌جلسه‌ای تدوین شد و ضریب نسبی روایی محتوا براساس نظر هشت نفر از اساتید حوزهٔ روان‌شناسی برابر با ۰٫۹۳ به‌دست آمد. نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس تک‌متغیره نشان داد، اثر مداخلهٔ آموزشی بر افزایش بهزیستی هیجانی و سلامت روان و سلامت اجتماعی گروه آزمایش بعد از حذف اثر پیش‌آزمون، معنادار بود (۰٫۰۰۱>p). اندازهٔ اثر نشان داد، ۶۵درصد از تغییرات بهزیستی هیجانی و ۸۴درصد از تغییرات سلامت روان و ۶۲درصد از تغییرات سلامت اجتماعی در پس‌آزمون ناشی‌از دریافت مداخله بود. نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج پژوهش، سلامت روان ماهیتی پویا دارد و با اجرای مداخلات مناسب مانند بستهٔ محقق‌ساخته می‌توان برای بهبود سلامت روان دانش‌آموزان گام برداشت. Abstract Background & Objectives: Adolescence is a period of many changes such as transformation in body parts, social environment, mind and mental health. In this period of time, there are many physiological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral changes in a person. Mental health problems can significantly affect the growth of children and adolescents which has a lasting effect on their health and social performance in adulthood mental health is one of the important topics that is effective in the growth of family and society. Decreased mental health significantly affects the development of children and adolescents. During adolescence, it is very important to promote mental health, and teenagers are a suitable group for implementing mental health promotion programs. Research on the mental and social health of adolescents is of great importance because it helps identify factors affecting the mental and social health of this group and provides appropriate solutions to improve and strengthen them. So, the current research was conducted to compile and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational package based on mental health components on the mental health of female students. Methods: The current research employed a mixed design. In the first stage of the qualitative part, the factors affecting mental health were extracted using the meta–combination method, and then, in the quantitative stage, the effectiveness of the designed package was examined using a quasi–experimental method in the form of a pretest and posttest design with the control group. The statistical population comprised the 12–14 years old female students in Tabriz City, Iran who were referred by the schools to the Counseling Center of Tabriz due to behavioral and academic problems. The samples were selected by the available method. The statistical sample included 30 people from the statistical population who had low scores (Between 14 and 28) in the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form. The Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (Keyes, 2002) was administered to the experimental and control groups in two phases (before and after training). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics including analysis of covariance, independent t test, and Chi–square test. The significance level of statistical tests was considered to be 0.05, and data analysis was performed in SPSS software. Results: From 371 articles searched in the field of mental health, 32 studies were selected and based on them, 58 open codes were identified, which were classified into 5 main categories and 14 core codes. The effective factors identified on students' mental health include physical health (healthy nutrition and sufficient sleep, healthy activities, focusing on physical health), internal cohesion (stress and emotions management, self–actualization, positivity and resilience), personal characteristics (faith and fairness, introspection and self–awareness, courage), environmental conditions (social, cultural, economic factors, education), and family conditions (emotional atmosphere of the family). In the next step, based on the extracted factors, an 8–session training package was compiled and the relative validity coefficient of the content was found to be 0.93 based on the opinion of 8 Psychology professors. In the quantitative part, there was a significant difference between the average scores of the post–test in the two experimental and control groups, indicating the effectiveness of the researcher's package on the mental health of female students. The results of univariate covariance analysis showed that the effect of the educational intervention on increasing the emotional well–being (p<0.001), mental health (p<0.001), and social health (p<0.001) of the experimental group was significant after removing the pretest effect. The effect size showed that 65% of emotional well–being changes, 84% of mental health changes, and 62% of social health changes in the posttest are due to receiving the intervention. Conclusion: The results indicate that mental health does not have a silent and static nature. Rather, it has a dynamic nature which its various factors have an impact on students' mental health, and by implementing appropriate interventions such as the researcher–made package, steps can be taken to improve students' mental health. سلامت روان, دانش‌آموز, بستهٔ آموزشی Mental health, Student, Educational package 101 101 http://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_code=A-12-3577-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Noosheen Esmaeili نوشین اسماعیلی esi.nooshin@gmail.com 100319475328460068081 100319475328460068081 No PhD Student, Counseling Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مشاوره، دانشکدهٔ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران Ahmad Reza Kiani احمدرضا کیانی a.kiani@uma.ac.ir 100319475328460068082 100319475328460068082 Yes Associate Professor, Counseling Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran دانشیار، گروه مشاوره، دانشکدهٔ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران Ali Sheikholeslamy علی شیخ الاسلامی a_sheikholslamy@yahoo.com 100319475328460068083 100319475328460068083 No Professor, Counseling Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran استاد، گروه مشاوره، دانشکدهٔ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران