Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies

fa بررسی اثربخشی بازی‌درمانی گروهی گلدارد بر افسردگی کودکان ۶تا۹سالهٔ دارای سابقهٔ سوگ Investigating the Effectiveness of Geldard Group Play Therapy on Depression in 6 to 9-Year-Old Children with a History of Bereavement روانشناسی Psychology مقاله پژوهشی اصیل Original Research Article چکیده زمینه و هدف: سوگ مشکلات روان‌شناختی عمیقی را برای کودکان به‌همراه دارد. این مطالعه باهدف بررسی اثربخشی بازی‌درمانی گروهی گلدارد بر افسردگی کودکان ۶تا۹سالهٔ دارای سابقهٔ سوگ انجام شد. روش‌بررسی: روش پژوهش حاضر نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون همراه با گروه گواه بود. جامعهٔ آماری را کودکان دارای سابقهٔ سوگ ۶تا۹‌سالهٔ شهرستان یزد مراجعه‌کننده به کلینیک‌های روان‌شناسی و مشاورهٔ آن شهرستان تشکیل دادند. از بین کودکان دارای سابقهٔ سوگ، سی نفر داوطلب واجد شرایط دردسترس در دامنهٔ سنی ۶تا۹ سال وارد مطالعه شدند و به‌‌طور تصادفی پانزده نفر در گروه مداخله و پانزده نفر در گروه گواه قرار گرفتند. امتیازات متغیر افسردگی به‌وسیلهٔ پرسش‌نامهٔ افسردگی کودکان (کواکس، ۱۹۸۵) در دو نوبت زمانی قبل و بعد از درمان مقایسه شد. تحلیل داده‌ها بااستفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ ۱۷ صورت پذیرفت. سطح معناداری آزمون‌ها ۰٫۰۵ بود. یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس با تعدیل اثر پیش‌آزمون نشان داد، در پس‌آزمون بین گروه مداخلهٔ دریافت‌کنندهٔ بازی‌درمانی گروهی و گروه گواه، در میانگین متغیر افسردگی تفاوت معنادار وجود داشت (۰٫۰۰۱>p). همچنین براساس نتایج مربوط به اندازهٔ اثر، ۶۵درصد از تفاوت بین گروه مداخله و گروه گواه در متغیر افسردگی ناشی‌از اجرای بازی‌درمانی گروهی بود. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش حاضر مشخص کرد، از بازی‌درمانی گروهی گلدارد می‌توان به‌عنوان درمانی مکمل برای بهبود افسردگی کودکان دارای سابقهٔ سوگ استفاده کرد. <div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: 392px; top: 119.417px;"> <div class="gtx-trans-icon"></div> </div> Abstract Background & Objectives: Bereavement is one of the most traumatic events in life. Grief is a normal, but complex and multidimensional process of responding to loss. The severity of mourning after the death of loved ones is influenced by various factors such as age, gender, cause of death, unexpectedness, and expected time of mourning. In situations of first–degree relative bereavement, the severity of bereavement symptoms usually subsides within 6 to 12 months, and may sometimes last as long as 24 months. Bereaved children typically suffer from depression, and the problems of these people usually afflict them in adulthood if they are not treated. Studies on bereaved children are rare in Iran, and it seems very necessary to deal with the psychological problems of these children during their childhood. Also, until today, no study has investigated the effectiveness of Geldrad group play therapy on depression in children with a history of bereavement. Therefore, in this research, we seek to examine the efficacy of Geldrad group play therapy on depression in 6 to 9–year–old children with a history of bereavement. Methods: This quasi–experimental research employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of children with a history of bereavement aged 6 to 9 years in Yazd City, Iran, who referred to psychology and counseling clinics in Yazd. Thirty eligible volunteers from the population entered the study, and 15 were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 15 to the control group. The inclusion criteria for children in the study included having a history of parental bereavement, being between 6 and 9 years old, and not using other treatment methods such as medication and psychotherapy. The exclusion criteria included missing a play therapy session and failing to complete the questionnaire during the study. The scores of the depression variable were compared using the Children's Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1985) before and after the treatment. The initial assessment of the patient was conducted on the first day and lasted 1.5 hours. Information such as family history and previous treatments was also recorded in the patient's file. The treatment protocol used in the present study consisted of eight 90–minute sessions of Geldard group play therapy for each patient, inspired by the Guide to Consulting Children with Play Therapy by Catherine Geldard and David Geldard. SPSS software version 17 was used for data analysis. In the descriptive statistics section, the mean and standard deviation of the variable scores were extracted. In the inferential statistics section, data analysis was performed using the analysis of covariance. The significance level of the tests was set at 0.05. Results: The analysis of covariance, adjusted for the pretest effect, showed a significant difference in the mean of the depression variable between the intervention group receiving play therapy and the control group in the posttest (p<0.001). Also, based on the results related to the effect size, 65% of the difference between the intervention group and the control group in the depression variable was due to the implementation of group play therapy. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the Geldard group play therapy has a significant effect on depression in children with a history of bereavement and leads to improvement in depression in these children. Geldard group play therapy can be used as a complementary therapy to improve depression in children with a history of bereavement. بازی‌درمانی گروهی گلدارد, افسردگی, کودکان دارای سابقهٔ سوگ Geldard group play therapy, Depression, Children with a history of bereavement 39 39 http://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_code=A-11-3716-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hamed Rafiezadeh حامد رفیع زاده rafizadehhamed3@gmail.com 100319475328460066352 100319475328460066352 No Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی کودک و نوجوان، دانشگاه علم و هنر، یزد، ایران Mohsen Saeidmanesh محسن سعیدمنش mohsen.sau1400@gmail.com 100319475328460066353 100319475328460066353 Yes Associate Professor, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran دانشیار، دانشگاه علم و هنر، یزد، ایران