Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies

fa اثربخشی مهارت‌های ادراکی-حرکتی بر عملکرد خواندن، نوشتن و ریاضی دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص Perceptual- motor skills training on reading, writing and mathematics skills of students with specific learning disability disorder روانشناسی Psychology مقاله پژوهشی اصیل Original Research Article زمینه و هدف: دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص، گروهی از دانش‌آموزان را تشکیل می‌دهند که باوجودِ برخورداری از توان ذهنی عادی، در کارکرد عصبی، پردازش اطلاعات در مغز و یادگیری برخی مطالب درسی مشکلاتی دارند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های ادراکی-حرکتی بر عملکرد خواندن، نوشتن و ریاضی این دسته از دانش‌آموزان بود.  روش‌بررسی: روش پژوهش از نوع شبه‌آزمایشی و با استفاده از طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعۀ آماری شامل تمام دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص دورۀ ابتدایی شهرستان ساری (۲۱۷=N) در سال تحصیلی ۱۳۹۱-۱۳۹۲ بود و نمونۀ پژوهش شامل ۵۰ دانش‌آموز دختر و پسر دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص (۲۵ نفر به‌عنوان گروه آزمایش و ۲۵ نفر به عنوان گروه کنترل) بود که با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده، از بین جامعۀ آماری ذکرشده انتخاب شدند. از مصاحبۀ تشخیصی و آزمون‌ هوش ریون برای شناسایی و همتاسازی آزمودنی‌ها و از آزمون محقق‌ساخته برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های موردنیاز به‌منظور مقایسۀ آزمودنی‌ها استفاده شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها نیز از طریق تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره صورت گرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد آموزش مهارت‌های ادارکی‌حرکتی بر مهارت‌های خواندن، نوشتن و ریاضی دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص تأثیر داشته است (۰٫۰۰۱≥p). نتیجه‌گیری: ارائۀ آموزش مهارت‌های ادراکی‌حرکتی به دانش‌آموزانی که از اختلال یادگیری خاص رنج می‌برند، می‌تواند عملکرد تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان را در مهارت‌های خواندن، نوشتن و ریاضی بهبود بخشد. Background & Objective: Specific learning disability is among the most destructive issues for the educational system. Every year many students with a diagnosis of specific learning disability being diagnosed. They have many problems in learning the lessons because of their failings to understand some special academic materials. Despite the normal emotional quotient, those students who are afflicted by this phenomenon that they do not have the expectable academic performance. They also have many problems in another aspect of the life. One of the factors, which play an important role in the emergence, and continuation of the specific learning disability is perceptual disabilities, especially inability in perceptual motor activities. However, the most debilitating factor is a failure in information processing (i.e. attention, perception, memory and language), which leaves irreparable effects on learning disabled students’ thinking, listening, and learning. Hence, paying attention to learning disabled students’ perceptual–motor skills is of paramount importance. Thus, the purpose of the current research was to study on effect of perceptual–motor skills training on the academic performance of students with specific learning disability. Methods: The design of the current study was a quasi–experimental type in nature. The population consisted of all the 217 male and female elementary school students who were diagnosed as specific learning disabled in Sari city (Mazandaran province, North of Iran) during the academic year of 2012–2013. Using a simple random sampling method, 50 students were chosen and divided into control and experimental groups with 25 members in each group. The research tools were included of Ravens’ IQ test and a teacher–made test. Both tools have needful psychometric criteria. At the beginning of the study, both of groups took part in the pre–test, then experiment group members received a period of perceptual–motor skills training while the control group was left without any intervention (they were continuing the traditional education system), and at last, both groups took part in the posttest. After collecting the raw data, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analyzing. In order to test the hypotheses of the research, the analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), as a parametric test was used by using the SPSS version 18 software.  Results: After analyzing the data, the results showed that the perceptual motor skills training had a significant effect on the improving reading (p≤0.001), writing (p≤0.001) and mathematical (p≤0.001) skills of the students with specific learning disability. Conclusion: Providing perceptual–motor skills for students who afflicted by the specific learning disability could lead to an improvement in students’ academic performance generally and their reading, writing and mathematics skills specifically. Although the effectiveness of perceptual–motor skills for students with a specific learning disability could be related to many factors, but it appears that its major effects arise from the positive affect of the treatment on the attention, concentration and other executive functions, which they affect the reading, writing and mathematics skills of the students directly. Therefore, considering the results of this study, the treatment can be suggested to all the experts in the field of specific learning disability disorder. مهارت‌های ادراکی‌حرکتی, اختلال یادگیری, عملکرد تحصیلی. Perceptual–motor skills, specific learning disability, academic performance. 107 107 http://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-667-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Habibollah Naderi حبیب اله نادری h.naderi@umz.ac.ir 100319475328460030485 100319475328460030485 Yes University of Mazandaran دانشگاه مازندران Maryam Rostamian مریم رستمیان rostamianpsy@gmail.com 100319475328460030486 100319475328460030486 No Babol Islamic Azad University دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بابل Fatemeh Naderi فاطمه مؤمنی fatemehmomeni20@gmail.com 100319475328460030487 100319475328460030487 No University of Mazandaran دانشگاه مازندران