fa سیاست‌گذاری افزایش مشارکت معلولین در پرتو قانون جامع حمایت از معلولین و اسناد بین‌المللی توانبخشی Rehabilitation مقاله مروری کامل Review Article <p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">در یک دهۀ اخیر، شاهد ظهور رویه‌ای فکری‌ بوده‌ایم که بر پایۀ قواعد حقوق شهروندی شکل گرفته است. فرایند شکل‌گیری، قانون‌گذاری و نحوۀ نظارت بر اجرای حقوق شهروندان معلول از دغدغه‌ها و الزامات حمایتی تلقی می‌شود. برای نخستین‌بار، گامی که در جهت انطباق‌پذیری کارکرد و توانایی معلولان با اجتماع برداشته شد همان بررسی مفاد قانون جامع در پرتو کنوانسیون بین‌المللی حقوق معلولان بود. گفتنی است این امر در چهارچوب طرح مفهوم &laquo;معلول شهروندی مؤثر&raquo; با استفاده از ایدۀ بستر‌سازی قاعده‌مند در فضای مجازی برای معلولان محسوب می‌شود. ایجاد قوانین حمایتی از افراد دارای معلولیت، به همراه اتخاذ شیوه‌های هدایتی و نظارتی و حمایتی، زمینه‌ساز حضور اجتماعی قشر مذکور خواهد بود. تدوین و تنظیم سند قانون جامع حمایت از معلولان در مورخ ۱۶اردیبهشت۱۳۸۳ که در قالب قوانین بین‌المللی از قبیل اعلامیۀ جهانی معلولان در سال ۱۹۷۵ و کنوانسیون بین‌المللی حقوق معلولان مصوب ۱۳دسامبر۲۰۰۶ بوده، نقطۀ عطفی در جریان‌شناسی ناتوانی در ایران به شمار می‌رود. اهم اهداف نوشتار حاضر تحلیل ابعاد قانون‌گذاری و برطرف‌کردن نقاط ابهام موجود در قانون مذکور بود که می‌توان آن‌را موجبات ارتقای سازوکار سیاست‌گذاری‌ها، مناسب‌سازی، دسترسی‌پذیری، تردد، تحرک، خدمات بهداشتی، درمانی، توان‌بخشی، امور ورزشی، فرهنگی، هنری، آموزشی، کارآفرینی و اشتغال، فرهنگ‌سازی، ارتقای آگاهی‌های عمومی، ایجاد فضایی برای تحصیل حقوق مدنی و شهروندی برشمرد. این موضوع بر سه عرصۀ پیشگیری و توان‌بخشی و فرصت‌های برابر، متمرکز است و از طریق ارائۀ سازوکار مطروحه، موجبات ترمیم قوانین حمایتی و بازجذب افراد دارای ناتوانی را در جامعه فراهم می‌سازد.&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">During the last decade, we have witnessed the emergence of a procedural framework, which is based on the rules of citizenship rights. The process of legislative formation and monitoring the implementation of the rights for disabled people is considered as an obligation and is one of the supportive requirements. The provisions of the comprehensive laws about the disabled people&rsquo;s rights was reviewed in the framework of the international convention for the first time. This is a prelude to the social integration of the disabled based on the agent&#39;s explanations, and it is a step towards the adaptability of the power of the disables to the community. Establishing supportive laws for people with disabilities in the light of the adoption of guidance, monitoring, and supportive methods will cause the presence of this group in society. Adoption of these laws has happened after the drafting of the comprehensive protection of disabled people&rsquo;s acts in 2004, in the form of international laws such as the Universal Declaration of the Disabled in 1975, and the International Convention of the Disable people&rsquo;s Rights adopted in December 2006, and is a turning point in streaming disabilities. The main objectives of the present paper was to analyze the legislative dimensions and eliminating the ambiguous points of the law, which promote the mechanism of policy, urbanization, accessibility, mobility, health services, rehabilitation of sports, cultural affairs, artistic matters, educational facilities, entrepreneurship and employment, culture promotion, raising public awareness, creating conditions for civilization and citizenship. Also, the focus of the study was on three areas of prevention, rehabilitation, and equal opportunities, and researched by providing a mechanism for restoring the efforts of laws that are supportive and able to absorb people with disabilities into the community. Given this necessity, this paper tried to examine the obligations of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the binding elements of the disabled peoples&rsquo; rights from the two perspectives of international law and domestic law, with particular attention to the two documents mentioned above and the comparative approach between these two instruments. In this study, rights to education, rights to participate in the cultural life of the community, and rights to obtain information for disabled people were studied and have been assessed. First, we had to provide a comprehensive definition of disability and rehabilitation to describe the capacity of optimal disability participation. Being a disabled person means having a mental or physical disorder that essentially restricts one or more vital activities of life. The philosophy of equalizing opportunities for disabled people is a process. In which the facilities used by the public, such as housing, transportation, health services, vocational and employment facilities, cultural services, sports, and recreation, which are provided to all segments of society, would be beneficial to disabled people, too. Therefore, to disabled people to be included in the circle of enumeration, we should overcome the environmental and social barriers that they face on with that. Rehabilitation based on creating equal opportunities for people with disabilities has been highlighted in the International Organization for disabled people manifesto, in1981. Equalizing opportunities for people with disabilities requires a society free from any discriminations. The universal plan of action for people with disabilities (adopted by the United Nations in 1982) transformed the principle of equal opportunities into a global issue. However, especially in developing countries, the issue of realizing this principle faces many challenges and ambiguities; but in general, the issue of equal opportunities encourages different countries to integrate the social life of disabled people with ordinary people&rsquo;s experience in other sectors of the society.<strong> </strong></p> سیاست‎گذاری, مشارکت معلولان, توان‎بخشی, معلول شهروندی مؤثر, حمایت از معلولین. Policymaking, Disability Participation Policy, Empowerment, Social Integration, Effective Citizenship Effects, Disability Support. 116 116 http://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-711-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Farid Saeedi فرید سعیدی Saeedee.farid@gmail.com 100319475328460032746 100319475328460032746 No Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکدهٔ حقوق ، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی Mehdi Zakerian مهدی ذاکریان Mzacariyan@yahoo.com 100319475328460032747 100319475328460032747 No Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکدهٔ حقوق ، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی