1- Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University
2- University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2- University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract: (121 Views)
Background and Objective: Based on previous researches, several psychological interventions are effective on the behavioral, cognitive and emotional outcomes of sports. In this regard, this research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of training neurocognitive skills based on mindfulness and mental imagery on behavioral, cognitive and sports excitement outcomes among male wrestlers. Therefore, due to the fact that no research has been found, which has compared the effectiveness of training neurocognitive skills based on mindfulness and mental imagery among male wrestlers and its effect on the variable of behavioral, cognitive and sports performance, in this research the researchers They were looking for an answer to the question of whether the training of neurocognitive skills based on mindfulness and mental imagery increases behavioral, cognitive and sports performance in male wrestlers.
Method: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research population was all the professional athletes of men's wrestling in 1400, with the purposeful sampling method, 45 qualified subjects voluntarily entered the study and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (mindfulness and mental imagery) and a control group, each 15 people were placed. Following the health protocols, 45 professional athletes who met the criteria for entering the research voluntarily entered the study as a purposive sample and were randomly assigned to three experimental and control groups of 15 people. The experimental group received educational interventions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The criteria for the selection of the subjects were having at least two years of experience in wrestling, no history of psychological treatments before the start of the intervention, absence of psychotic disorders and substance abuse, being at least 15 years old and at most 35 years old, The exclusion criteria were unwillingness to continue cooperation, absence of more than one session in training sessions of neurocognitive skills based on mental imagery. consent of the subject to participate in the research and Taking written consent. It should be noted that in order to comply with the principle of ethics in the research, the principle of secrecy and confidentiality of the participants' information was observed. One experimental group received the training of neurological skills based on mindfulness in eight sessions and the other experimental group received the training of neurological skills based on mental imagery in eight sessions, and no intervention was done for the control group. To collect data, Jones et al.'s sports excitement questionnaire (2005), Wiley et al.'s (1998) sports self-confidence questionnaire, and Abadi's perceived physical fitness questionnaire (1988) were used. The data were analyzed using covariance analysis and SPSS version 22 statistical software. A significance level of 0.05 was considered for all tests.
Results: By controlling the effects of the pre-test, the effect of the groups was significant, and in the two experimental groups, in the post-test, compared to the control group, the average scores of behavioral efficiency (P<0.001), cognitive (P<0.001) and sports excitement increased significantly (P<0.001). significantly decreased; Also, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of the mentioned variables between the test groups (P=0.028). Few researches have been done on anger, especially anger in sports, but if mindfulness and mental imagery help social well-being and reduce the anxiety and stress of athletes, surely mindfulness and mental imagery training can be effective against athletes' anger and reduce it, the results The result of this research was also effective in reducing the anger component of emotional efficiency, but more research in this field is suggested. The researchers argue that the increase in self-concept and self-esteem that is more associated with mindfulness practice compared to mental imagery is necessary for the positive self-concept and self-esteem these practices create.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, the training of neurocognitive skills based on mindfulness and mental imagery was effective on behavioral, cognitive and sports excitement results. However, the effectiveness of training neurocognitive skills based on mindfulness compared to mental imagery was higher in increasing behavioral, cognitive, and sports excitement results, and the program of training neurocognitive skills based on mindfulness can be considered as a suitable program for increasing the performance of athletes in various fields used.
Method: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research population was all the professional athletes of men's wrestling in 1400, with the purposeful sampling method, 45 qualified subjects voluntarily entered the study and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (mindfulness and mental imagery) and a control group, each 15 people were placed. Following the health protocols, 45 professional athletes who met the criteria for entering the research voluntarily entered the study as a purposive sample and were randomly assigned to three experimental and control groups of 15 people. The experimental group received educational interventions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The criteria for the selection of the subjects were having at least two years of experience in wrestling, no history of psychological treatments before the start of the intervention, absence of psychotic disorders and substance abuse, being at least 15 years old and at most 35 years old, The exclusion criteria were unwillingness to continue cooperation, absence of more than one session in training sessions of neurocognitive skills based on mental imagery. consent of the subject to participate in the research and Taking written consent. It should be noted that in order to comply with the principle of ethics in the research, the principle of secrecy and confidentiality of the participants' information was observed. One experimental group received the training of neurological skills based on mindfulness in eight sessions and the other experimental group received the training of neurological skills based on mental imagery in eight sessions, and no intervention was done for the control group. To collect data, Jones et al.'s sports excitement questionnaire (2005), Wiley et al.'s (1998) sports self-confidence questionnaire, and Abadi's perceived physical fitness questionnaire (1988) were used. The data were analyzed using covariance analysis and SPSS version 22 statistical software. A significance level of 0.05 was considered for all tests.
Results: By controlling the effects of the pre-test, the effect of the groups was significant, and in the two experimental groups, in the post-test, compared to the control group, the average scores of behavioral efficiency (P<0.001), cognitive (P<0.001) and sports excitement increased significantly (P<0.001). significantly decreased; Also, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of the mentioned variables between the test groups (P=0.028). Few researches have been done on anger, especially anger in sports, but if mindfulness and mental imagery help social well-being and reduce the anxiety and stress of athletes, surely mindfulness and mental imagery training can be effective against athletes' anger and reduce it, the results The result of this research was also effective in reducing the anger component of emotional efficiency, but more research in this field is suggested. The researchers argue that the increase in self-concept and self-esteem that is more associated with mindfulness practice compared to mental imagery is necessary for the positive self-concept and self-esteem these practices create.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, the training of neurocognitive skills based on mindfulness and mental imagery was effective on behavioral, cognitive and sports excitement results. However, the effectiveness of training neurocognitive skills based on mindfulness compared to mental imagery was higher in increasing behavioral, cognitive, and sports excitement results, and the program of training neurocognitive skills based on mindfulness can be considered as a suitable program for increasing the performance of athletes in various fields used.
Keywords: neurological skills training, Mindfulness, Cognitive efficiency, Behavioral efficiency, Emotional efficiency, mental imagery
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Psychology
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