Predicting Migraine Headache Scores Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and Attachment Styles

Yazdani, Saeide; Izadi, Fatemeh

Volume 12 - Articles-1401 MEJDS (2022) 12: 113 | Back to browse issues page

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Yazdani S, Izadi F. Predicting Migraine Headache Scores Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and Attachment Styles. MEJDS 2022; 12 :113-113
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-2007-en.html

Predicting Migraine Headache Scores Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and Attachment Styles

Saeide Yazdani¹

, Fatemeh Izadi ^*¹

1- Islamic Azad University Khomeini Shahr

Abstract: (1345 Views)

Background & Objective: Headache is the most common pain disorder, and it is even more common than cold. According to the latest research by the International Headache Society, migraine is the most severe type of headache. It affects about 1% to 2% of the general population and 15% to 20% of clients of psychological service centers in Europe and North American countries. Migraine is a neurological disease characterized by moderate to severe attacks of headache that can be divided into episodic migraines and chronic migraines. Episodic migraine, if left untreated, will turn into chronic migraine. In recent years, many researchers have paid particular attention to the relationship between psychological concepts and their effects on physical problems (including headaches). In this regard, Young's early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles are among the concepts that may be associated with migraine headaches. This study aimed to predict the score of migraine headaches based on early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles.
Methods: This descriptive study is of correlational type with an applied objective. The statistical population of this study comprised all students of the Islamic Azad University of Isfahan, Isfahan City, Iran, in the academic year of 2019–2020. Of them, 343 students were selected using a multi–stage cluster sampling method. Ahvaz Migraine Questionnaire (AMQ) (Najarian, 1997), Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (SQ–SF) (Young and Brown, 1998), and Adult Attachment Scale (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) were used to collect the study data. We used SPSS version 25 to analyze the obtained data. Statistical methods for data analysis were descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics. In order to investigate the relationships between variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis in a backward stepwise manner were used. The level of significance of the tests was α = 0.05.
Results: The results showed that migraine headache score had significant direct relationships with emotional deprivation (p=0.001, r=0.401), abandonment (p=0.001, r=0.494), self–sacrifice (p=0.001, r=0.497), vulnerability (p=0.001, r=0.318), emotional inhibition (p=0.001, r=0.404), unrelenting standards (p=0.001, r=0.274), avoidant attachment style (p=0.001, r=0.194), and ambivalent attachment style (p=0.001, r=0.329) and a significant inverse relationship with secure attachment style (p=0.001, r=–0.110). The findings also revealed that emotional deprivation (p=0.001, β=0.21), self–sacrifice (p=0.001, β=0.29), emotional inhibition (p=0.001, β=0.17), secure attachment (p=0.015, β=–0.12) and ambivalent attachment (p=0.001, β=0.23) could predict migraine headache scores.
Conclusion: According to the research findings, early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles are among the factors affecting migraine headaches and can predict them.

Keywords: Headache, Migraine, Early maladaptive schemas, Attachment styles

Full-Text [PDF 518 kb] (271 Downloads)

Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Psychology

References

1. Gordon-Smith K, Forty L, Chan C, Knott S, Jones I, Craddock N, et al. Rapid cycling as a feature of bipolar disorder and comorbid migraine. J Affect Disord. 2015;175:320–4. [DOI]

2. Jeyagurunathan A, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Chua BY, Shafie S, Chang SHS, et al. Prevalence and comorbidity of migraine headache: results from the Singapore mental health study 2016. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2020;55(1):33–43. [DOI]

3. Dodick DW. A phase-by-phase review of migraine pathophysiology. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2018;58(1):4–16. [DOI]

4. Ribas KH dos S, Ribas VR, Barros SSM, Ribas VR, Filizola M da GN, Ribas R de MG, et al. The participation of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in the perception of pain in patients with migraine: a psychological profile. Dement Neuropsychol. 2018;12(1):68–74. [DOI]

5. Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME. Schema therapy: a practitioner's guide. New York: Guilford Press; 2003.

6. Esmaeilian N, Dehghani M, Koster EHW, Hoorelbeke K. Early maladaptive schemas and borderline personality disorder features in a nonclinical sample: a network analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2019;26(3):388–98. [DOI]

7. Tavallaii A, Naderi, Z, Rezaiemaram P, Tavallaii V, Babamohamadi Z, Aghaie, M. The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and three dimensions of headache impact in Iranian outpatients with chronic migraine without aura. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2015;9(3):201–9. [Persian] [Article]

8. Rezaei Dogaheh E, Yoosefi A, Kami M. Early maladaptive schemas in patients with and without migraine and tension headaches. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2015;13(4):7–12. [Persian] [Article]

9. Tarantino S, Papetti L, De Ranieri C, Boldrini F, Rocco AM, D'Ambrosio M, et al. Maternal alexithymia and attachment style: which relationship with their children's headache features and psychological profile? Front Neurol. 2018;8:751. [DOI]

10. Holmes J. John Bowlby and attachment theory. Second edition. London: Routledge; 2014. [DOI]

11. Zampieri MA, Tognola WA. Frequency of migraine, presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and attachment style: comparative study. Journal of Neuroscience and Neuropsychology. 2018;2(2):1–6. [DOI]

12. Faedda N, Natalucci G, Piscitelli S, Alunni Fegatelli D, Verdecchia P, Guidetti V. Migraine and attachment type in children and adolescents: what is the role of trauma exposure? Neurol Sci. 2018;39(S1):109–10. [DOI]

13. Khaleghipour S, Pirfarzam H. Compare attachment style, alexithymia and sexual function in the male patients with tension headache and healthy subjects. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2018;18(3):46–55. [Persian] [Article]

14. Minen MT, De Dhaem OB, Van Diest AK, Powers S, Schwedt TJ, Lipton R, et al. Migraine and its psychiatric comorbidities. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2016;87(7):741–9. [DOI]

15. Krejcie RV, Morgan DW. Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 1970;30(3):607–10. [DOI]

16. Najariyan B. Construction and validation of a Questionnaire for Measuring Symptoms of Migraine Headache in undergraduate students. Journal of Psychological Achievements. 1997;4(2):30-43. [Persian]. [DOI]

17. Young JE, Brown G. The Young Schema Questionnaire: short form. 1998. [Article]

18. Schmidt NB, Joiner TE, Young JE, Telch MJ. The schema questionnaire: investigation of psychometric properties and the hierarchical structure of a measure of maladaptive schemas. Cogn Ther Res. 1995;19(3):295–321. [DOI]

19. Ahi G, Mohammadifar MA, Besharat MA. Payayi va etebar forme kootah porseshname tarh vare haye Young [The reliability and validity of the short form of the Young schema questionnaire]. Psychology & Education. 2007;37(3):5–20. [Persian]

20. Hazan C, Shaver P. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1987;52(3):511–24. [DOI]

21. Taheri M, Tajrishi M, Movallali G, Rahgozar M, Arshi B. Correlation between mother's attachment style and social maturity of their educable mentally retarded sons in Shiraz's secondary schools (2008–2009). Hakim. 2010;13(2):99–107. [Persian] [Article]

22. Tietjen GE, Peterlin BL. Childhood abuse and migraine: epidemiology, sex differences, and potential mechanisms. Headache. 2011;51(6):869–79. [DOI]