تعطیلات نوروزی مجله- ضمن تبریک فرارسیدن بهار و شروع سال جدید به اطلاع میرساند این نشریه از تاریخ ۲۵ اسفندماه ۱۴۰۲ لغایت ۱۳ فروردین ۱۴۰۳ تعطیل می باشد.

Volume 10 -                   MEJDS (2020) 10: 161 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Iranmanesh S I, Sabet M, Beliad M R, Tajeri B. Effects of Assertiveness and Effective Communication Training on the Fear of Negative Evaluation in Patients With Chronic Skin Diseases. MEJDS 2020; 10 :161-161
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-2158-en.html
1- Department of Health Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University
2- Department of Psychology, Rudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University
3- Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
4- Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University
Abstract:   (1331 Views)
Background & Objectives: Deformity due to skin lesions in skin diseases is among the major factors that generate mental health problems and sensitivities in these patients. In addition, the psychological reactions of these patients are different based on the size, region, and type of the lesions. Skin diseases cause the fear of negative evaluation in these patients and reduce their assertiveness in social situations. It seems that the patients with Psoriasis, Vitiligo, and Alopecia diseases experience decreased assertiveness in their social interactions due to changes in dermal appearance. Such conditions lead them to inadequate communication and the lack of effective assertiveness. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effects of assertiveness and effective communication training on the fear of negative evaluation in patients with chronic skin diseases.
Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest–follow–up, and a control group design. The statistical population of the present study included patients with chronic skin diseases, such as Psoriasis, Vitiligo, and Alopecia areata who referred to two dermatology clinics and Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. Of them, 38 eligible volunteers were enrolled in the present study and were randomly divided into the assertiveness and effective communication training and control groups. The inclusion criteria of the research were as follows: having at least a high school diploma, not having severe psychiatric disorders, like schizophrenia (according to their psychiatric history), and not using any illegal drugs or prescribed medications that affect consciousness (as per their medical history). The exclusion criteria of the research included providing incomplete self–report tests, absence from more than two intervention sessions, simultaneous attending in other psychological training, and suffering from a recent trauma or debilitative stress (according their psychological history). The research instrument was the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Leary, 1983), i.e., completed in three stages of pretest, posttest, and follow–up. The intervention was conducted in eight 180–minute sessions. Assertiveness and effective communication training (Dalley, 2013) sessions were conducted in the experimental group. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SPSS at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: In the present study, the training provided to the experimental group reduced the fear of negative evaluation (p=0.024), compared to the control group. Assertiveness and effective communication training presented a reducing effect over time for the fear of negative evaluation (p=0.006). Moreover, the reciprocal effect of time*intervention was the cause for decreasing the fear of negative evaluation in the experimental group, compared to the controls (p=0.002). The result of Bonferroni post hoc test indicated a significant difference between the mean scores of the fear of negative evaluation in the pretest and post test (p=0.001), the pretest and follow–up (p=0.001), and stability of the achieved effectiveness in the follow–up stage.
Conclusion: Based on the current research findings, assertiveness and effective communication training is significantly effective on decreasing the fear of negative evaluation in patients with chronic skin diseases, namely Psoriasis, Vitiligo, and Alopecia.
Full-Text [PDF 633 kb]   (302 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Psychology

References
1. Kottner J, Beeckman D, Vogt A, Blume-Peytavi U. Skin health and integrity. In: Gefen A, editor. Innovations and emerging technologies in wound care. Academic Press; 2020. pp: 183–96. [DOI]
2. Finlay AY. The burden of skin disease: quality of life, economic aspects and social issues. Clin Med (Lond). 2009;9(6):592–4. [DOI]
3. Birlea SA, Serota M, Norris DA. Nonbullous skin diseases: alopecia areata, vitiligo, psoriasis, and urticaria. In: Rose NR, Mackay IR, editors. The autoimmune diseases. 6th ed. Academic Press; 2020. pp: 1211–34. [DOI]
4. Ayala-Fontánez N, Soler DC, McCormick TS. Current knowledge on psoriasis and autoimmune diseases. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2016;6:7–32. [DOI]
5. Campa M, Ryan C, Bowcock AM, Menter A. Psoriasis☆. In: Reference module in life sciences. Elsevier; 2017. [DOI]
6. Manga P, Arowojolu OA. Vitiligo☆. In: Reference module in biomedical sciences. Elsevier; 2014. [DOI]
7. Iorizzo M, Tosti A. alopecia areata and alopecia areata incognita. In: Miteva M, editor. Alopecia. Elsevier; 2019. pp: 59–66. [DOI]
8. Torkashvand F, Rezaeian M, Sheikh Fathollahi M, Khaninezhad SM, Hatami P, Bidaki R. A survey on psychiatric disorders in patients improved cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city of Rafsanjan in 2014. J Rafsanjan Uni Med Sci. 2016;14(10):879–94. [Persian] [Article]
9. Nasri S, Yalan M. Compare stressors and coping strategies in patients with skin diseases and normal individuals. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology. 2015;4(15):101–14. [Persian] [Article]
10. Van der Molen MJW, Poppelaars ES, Van Hartingsveldt CTA, Harrewijn A, Gunther Moor B, Westenberg PM. Fear of negative evaluation modulates electrocortical and behavioral responses when anticipating social evaluative feedback. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:936. [DOI]
11. Leary MR, Rapp SR, Herbst KC, Exum ML, Feldman SR. Interpersonal concerns and psychological difficulties of psoriasis patients: effects of disease severity and fear of negative evaluation. Health Psychol. 1998;17(6):530–6. [DOI]
12. Pruthi GK, Babu N. Physical and psychosocial impact of acne in adult females. Indian J Dermatol. 2012;57(1):26–9. [DOI]
13. Speed BC, Goldstein BL, Goldfried MR. Assertiveness training: A forgotten evidence‐based treatment. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 2018;25(1):1–20. [DOI]
14. Nakamura Y, Yoshinaga N, Tanoue H, Kato S, Nakamura S, Aoishi K, et al. Development and evaluation of a modified brief assertiveness training for nurses in the workplace: a single-group feasibility study. BMC Nurs. 2017;16:29. [DOI]
15. Eslami AA, Rabiei L, Afzali SM, Hamidizadeh S, Masoudi R. The effectiveness of assertiveness training on the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression of high school students. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016;18(1): e21096. [DOI]
16. Michelli D. Assertiveness workbook. London: McGraw Hill; 2013.
17. Dalley D. Developing your assertiveness skills and confidence in your communication to achieve success: how to build your confidence and assertiveness to handle. Lancashire: Universe of Learning Ltd; 2013.
18. Lin Y-R, Shiah I-S, Chang Y-C, Lai T-J, Wang K-Y, Chou K-R. Evaluation of an assertiveness training program on nursing and medical students’ assertiveness, self-esteem, and interpersonal communication satisfaction. Nurse Educ Today. 2004;24(8):656–65. [DOI]
19. Hajihasani M, Etemadi A, Aryan KH. The effect of Gestalt therapy and cognitive- behavioral therapy on assertiveness in male guidance students. Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences. 2012;2(2):1–16. [Persian] [Article]
20. Deffenbacher JL, Payne DM. Relationship of apprehension about communication to fear of negative evaluation and assertiveness. Psychol Rep. 1978;42(2):370. [DOI]
21. Tahan M, Kalantari M. Determine the effectiveness of dare training on social disorders of the students of the blind. Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ). 2019;8(2):125–32. [Persian] [Article]
22. Kazemi R, Momeni S, Abolghasemi A. The effectiveness of life skill training on self-esteem and communication skills of students with dyscalculia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014;114:863–6. [DOI]
23. Wilson Van Voorhis CR, Morgan BL. Understanding Power and Rules of Thumb for Determining Sample Sizes. TQMP. 2007;3(2):43–50. [DOI]
24. Leary MR. A brief version of the fear of negative evaluation scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1983;9(3):371–5. [DOI]
25. Shokri O, Geravand F, Naghsh Z, Ali Tarkhan R, Paeezi M. The psychometric properties of the brief fear of negative evaluation scale. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2008;14(3):316–25. [Persian] [Article]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb