Rasta Amirian1 
, Zahra Fotoohi Manshad1 , Alireza Ravanshad1 , Farzad Kazemian1 , ّّFaezeh Vaziri1 , Farzaneh Shayeghi Saghand1 , Pari naz Pahlavanpoor *1
, Zahra Fotoohi Manshad1 , Alireza Ravanshad1 , Farzad Kazemian1 , ّّFaezeh Vaziri1 , Farzaneh Shayeghi Saghand1 , Pari naz Pahlavanpoor *1
1- Science and Arts university
Abstract: (23 Views)
Background & Objective: Sleep disorders include problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep that lead to daytime distress and interfere with a person's daily functioning. Sleep and wakefulness disorders often occur with medical or other mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive disorders. There are several types of sleep disorders, with insomnia being the most common. Other sleep disorders include obstructive sleep apnea, parasomnias, narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome. Sleep problems are associated with physical and emotional problems. Sleep problems can either contribute to or exacerbate mental health conditions, or they can be a symptom of other mental health conditions. About one-third of adults report symptoms of insomnia, and 4 to 22 percent of people meet criteria for an insomnia disorder. The component examined in people with sleep disorders in this study is rumination. Rumination refers to repetitive, passive thinking, including obsessive thinking and introspective meditation, in which people repeatedly think about adverse life events, such as suffering from an illness. One of the treatments that can be used in sleep disorders as a psychiatric disorder is transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain. Transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain involves applying low-intensity electrical currents to the scalp by electrodes to modulate brain activity. Sleep disorders are seen with high prevalence in today's society and have led to psychological distress in many people. People who have sleep problems have reported a lot of rumination during the day and night, and this is very important in the mood and communication of these people. Today, considering the various treatments that have been carried out for sleep disorders, these treatments have shown many shortcomings for high-standard treatment in this disorder. Studies related to non-invasive brain stimulation treatments in sleep disorders are few. Since no research has investigated the effect of transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain on rumination in people with sleep disorders, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain on rumination in people with sleep disorders.
Methods: Data analysis showed that rumination test scores in the intervention group and after receiving treatment decreased significantly compared to the control group, respectively (P<0.001). Based on the results of the effect size, 63% of the difference between the intervention group and the control group in the rumination variable was due to treatment.
Results: Data analysis showed that the score of cognitive emotion regulation test in the intervention group and after receiving treatment decreased significantly compared to the control group, respectively (P<0.001). Based on the results of the effect size, 66% of the difference between the intervention group and the control group in the cognitive emotion regulation variable was due to treatment.
Conclusion: In explaining the results of the study, it can be said that transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain over the left prefrontal cortex, which is thought to modulate underlying neural activity, can instantaneously improve cognitive control, reduce rumination processes, reduce emotional reactivity, and stimulate emotion and stress regulation processes. Transcranial direct electrical stimulation is a low-cost, easy-to-use technique, and is self-administered, thus demonstrating the necessary characteristics for a potentially feasible intervention. Furthermore, transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex shows promise as an intervention for the treatment of emotional disorders. However, there is increasing evidence that individual differences play a crucial role in its effectiveness. For example, in a healthy population, only individuals with a high tendency to habitually ruminative behavior have been shown to show beneficial effects of transcranial direct electrical stimulation on stress regulation. Therefore, individuals with high ruminative abilities might be expected to benefit particularly from transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex, as this is thought to modulate left hemisphere underactivity and restore the hemispheric imbalance that is characteristic of this population. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is critical in the implementation of fair behavior, when this requires the control of strong, predominantly selfish impulses. Assuming that this ability results in the ability of an individual to overlook the mistakes of others and to behave fairly, it could play a key role in preventing ruminations caused by the consequences of one's behavior. Direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain through the modulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can enhance the function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex by increasing flexibility in the function of neurons in this area and modulating the level of excitability of neurons, and considering the important role that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays in controlling rumination, it can lead to a reduction in rumination in individuals. The results of the present study showed that direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain has a significant effect on rumination in individuals with sleep disorders and can lead to an improvement in rumination in these individuals. Therefore, direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain can be used as a complementary treatment to improve rumination in individuals with sleep disorders.
Methods: Data analysis showed that rumination test scores in the intervention group and after receiving treatment decreased significantly compared to the control group, respectively (P<0.001). Based on the results of the effect size, 63% of the difference between the intervention group and the control group in the rumination variable was due to treatment.
Results: Data analysis showed that the score of cognitive emotion regulation test in the intervention group and after receiving treatment decreased significantly compared to the control group, respectively (P<0.001). Based on the results of the effect size, 66% of the difference between the intervention group and the control group in the cognitive emotion regulation variable was due to treatment.
Conclusion: In explaining the results of the study, it can be said that transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain over the left prefrontal cortex, which is thought to modulate underlying neural activity, can instantaneously improve cognitive control, reduce rumination processes, reduce emotional reactivity, and stimulate emotion and stress regulation processes. Transcranial direct electrical stimulation is a low-cost, easy-to-use technique, and is self-administered, thus demonstrating the necessary characteristics for a potentially feasible intervention. Furthermore, transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex shows promise as an intervention for the treatment of emotional disorders. However, there is increasing evidence that individual differences play a crucial role in its effectiveness. For example, in a healthy population, only individuals with a high tendency to habitually ruminative behavior have been shown to show beneficial effects of transcranial direct electrical stimulation on stress regulation. Therefore, individuals with high ruminative abilities might be expected to benefit particularly from transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex, as this is thought to modulate left hemisphere underactivity and restore the hemispheric imbalance that is characteristic of this population. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is critical in the implementation of fair behavior, when this requires the control of strong, predominantly selfish impulses. Assuming that this ability results in the ability of an individual to overlook the mistakes of others and to behave fairly, it could play a key role in preventing ruminations caused by the consequences of one's behavior. Direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain through the modulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can enhance the function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex by increasing flexibility in the function of neurons in this area and modulating the level of excitability of neurons, and considering the important role that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays in controlling rumination, it can lead to a reduction in rumination in individuals. The results of the present study showed that direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain has a significant effect on rumination in individuals with sleep disorders and can lead to an improvement in rumination in these individuals. Therefore, direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain can be used as a complementary treatment to improve rumination in individuals with sleep disorders.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Psychology
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