Naser Amini, Leila Gholamipour, Abdollah Shafiabady, Moloud .keykhosrovani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (In Press 2020)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the disorders that can affect the family institution is the birth of a child with autism. Child cognitive disorders, Behavioral problems, Irritable mood, Hyperactivity, Stubbornness, Nutritional problems, Inability to take care of themselves, Low adaptive function, Language deficits, Inability to learn, Imposing restrictions on family life, Separation Friends and family, as well as the need for lifelong care, increase the stress of parents of autistic children The persistent stress that parents have on having an autistic child may change caregivers' perceptions of parenting and reduce their optimism about their future as well as their child's futureThe perspective of time refers to how people relate their behavior to the past, present, and future, and it reflects attitudes, beliefs, and values related to time, and the type of time that governs behavior can have a significant impact on people's mental health. . Past tense perspective refers to people who are psychologically oriented towards their personal past and are influenced by itPresent-time perspective refers to people who do not engage in long-term planning and goal setting, these people are generally oriented towards the here and now. Time perspective is related to a general orientation towards the future and the individual's efforts for future rewards and goals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of time horizon comparison therapy in reducing the experiential avoidance of mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder in Ahvaz city.
Methods: The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group and follow-up stage. The statistical population of this study consisted of all mothers with autistic children in Ahvaz. From the mentioned community, 30 mothers with autistic children were selected by purposive method. After selecting the sample, individuals were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group received a horizon-based intervention comparing time in 6 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week; But the control group did not receive any intervention and two months later the follow-up stage was performed. Data were obtained using the Acceptance and Practice Questionnaire - Second Edition of Bond et al. (2011). The results of 2816 participants during six samples showed that this instrument has satisfactory reliability, validity and validity of the construct. The mean alpha coefficient was 0.84 and the retest reliability at 3 to 12 months was 0.81 and 0.79, respectively. Analysis of research data was analyzed using one-variable analysis of covariance. The significance level of the test was considered 0.05 The inclusion criteria in this study included: minimum age of 18 years and maximum age of 50 years, having at least one child with autism spectrum disorder, having at least a cycle certificate and willingness to participate in the meetings and complete the questionnaire.
Results: Using the covariance test, the effect of the pre-test was removed and the difference between the test and control groups for the experiential avoidance variable in the post-test stage was significant (p<0.001). Also, according to the results of the variance analysis of repeated measurements in the experiential avoidance variable of the experimental group, no significant difference was observed between the post-test and the follow-up, which indicated the continuation of the effect of the intervention in the follow-up phase.
Conclusion: The results showed that time-based comparison therapy is effective in reducing experimental avoidance in mothers with autistic children.
: Treatment on the horizon of time comparison , Experiential Avoidance, AutismKeywords
Minoosh Homayooni , Moloud Keykhosrovani , Ali Pouladi Reishehri ,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (Articles-1403 2024)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The family is one of society's main pillars and institutions. The internalization of values and norms begins in the family. Nevertheless, the family may suffer from traumas such as divorce, marital disputes, suicide, runaway children, and domestic violence. Meanwhile, domestic violence, or violence in the private sphere, is a phenomenon that shakes and destroys healthy family relationships that are necessary for the survival and strengthening of the family. A review of theoretical and empirical background shows that a positive, mindful, and compassionate treatment effectively internalizes feelings of shame and avoids experiences. However, it is unclear which interventions is more effective and stable over time. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and sustenance of the effect of positive mindful–based and compassion–based therapies on feelings of internalized shame and experiential avoidance in abused women.
Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and quasi–experimental in terms of nature, and it employed a pretest–posttest with a 3–month follow–up design using several study groups, including a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women victims of domestic violence who were members of safe houses in Shiraz City, Iran, in 2019–2020. A total of 30 people were considered in this study in 3 groups. Since there is a possibility of some participants falling and also in similar studies, the volume of 15 people in each group has been suggested. In this study, 60 samples were selected and divided into three groups of 20 people (40 people in two experimental groups and 20 people in one control group). After selecting the samples, the participants were explained the subject, the courses, their goals, and the research's ethical considerations. The control group waited during this period, and no treatment was applied to them. After 3 months of re–testing, a follow–up test was performed on participants. Assessment tools included the Experience Avoidance Questionnaire (Bond et al., 2011) and the Internalized Shame Scale (Cook, 1988). One group received the Hoffman et al. (2014) positive mindfulness intervention in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and the other group received the Gilbert (2010) compassionate therapy experiment in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. The obtained data were analyzed by variance analysis with repeated measurements and a Bonferroni post hoc test with a significance level of 0.01 using SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that compassion–based therapy and positive mindfulness therapy effectively internalize feelings of shame and avoid experiences (p<0.01). Compassion–based treatment is more effective than mindfulness therapy in reducing internalized shame and avoiding experiential experiences (p<0.01).
Conclusions: Compassion–based therapy and positive mindfulness–based therapy can be used as a preventive and remedial measure in increasing the mental health and quality of life of women victims of domestic violence.
