Development of Vulnerability Model of Self-esteem and Depressive Symptoms with Perspective of Time, Acceptance, Action and Psychological Flexibility in Divorced Women

Izadi, Atena; Maleki, Marzieh; Yazarloo , Mohammad Thaghi; Gholami , Fatemeh

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Izadi A, Maleki M, Yazarloo M T, Gholami F. Development of Vulnerability Model of Self-esteem and Depressive Symptoms with Perspective of Time, Acceptance, Action and Psychological Flexibility in Divorced Women. MEJDS 2024; 14 :29-29
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-2910-en.html

Development of Vulnerability Model of Self-esteem and Depressive Symptoms with Perspective of Time, Acceptance, Action and Psychological Flexibility in Divorced Women

Atena Izadi¹

, Marzieh Maleki¹

, Mohammad Thaghi Yazarloo²

, Fatemeh Gholami ^*

1- MA in Clinical Psychology, Psychology Department, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
2- PhD Student in Clinical Psychology, Psychology Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract: (768 Views)

Abstract
Background & Objectives: Divorced women experience more psychological problems, especially depression, compared with married and single women. To explain depression and why it is an underlying factor, we can refer to the self–esteem vulnerability model. According to this model, low self–esteem is considered a risk factor for depression. One of the psychological aspects that can increase a person's ability to cope with self–esteem and are related to depression is psychological flexibility. Conscious attention to the present and the process of acceptance, in addition to the processes of committed action and behavior change, can cultivate psychological flexibility. Another variable that can reduce the probability of depression is the perspective of time. It seems that depression is an essential factor in divorced women after experiencing divorce, which is experienced as high stress and can be influenced by other psychological factors. Hence, this study aimed to develop a model of self–esteem vulnerability and depressive symptoms with the perspective of time, acceptance, action, and psychological flexibility in divorced women.
Methods: The current study is analytical based on structural equation modeling in terms of collecting information. The statistical population of this research comprised all divorced women referred to counseling centers in Gonbad City, Iran, in 2020–2021. The research samples consisted of 204 divorced women selected by available sampling. The study data were gathered via the Beck Depression Inventory–II (Beck et al., 1996), Rosenberg Self–esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999), Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II (Bond et al., 2011). After preparing and compiling the research questionnaires and obtaining the necessary permits, the consulting centers of Gonbad were referred, and the questionnaires were given to the participants. In general, 250 questionnaires were distributed, and 204 complete questionnaires were collected. The data were analyzed using The Pearson correlation coefficient structural equation modeling in SPSS version 24 and LISREL version 8.5 software.
Results: The results showed that the direct effect of self–esteem on depression was significant (β=–0.49, p<0.001). Also, the indirect effects of self–esteem on depression (β=–0.17, p=0.022), self–esteem on psychological flexibility (β=0.12, p=0.031), self–esteem on acceptance and action (β=0.03, p=0.047), time perspective on depression (β=–0.08, p=0.039), and time perspective on psychological flexibility (β=0.05, p=0.042) were significant. The total effect of self–esteem on depression was significant (β –0.66, p<0.001). On the other hand, good fit indices indicated a good fit of the model (GFI=0.96, AGFI=0.90, CFI=0.94, IFI=0.94, NFI=0.94, NNFI=0.90, RMSEA=0.079).
Conclusion: According to the findings, it is concluded that self–esteem as an underlying factor is an essential indicator of a person's vulnerability to suffering from depression. It is suggested that self–esteem should be targeted as a critical factor in interventions to reduce depression, especially in divorced women.

Keywords: Self–esteem, Symptoms of depression, Time perspective, Acceptance and action, Psychological flexibility

Full-Text [PDF 491 kb] (281 Downloads)

Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Psychology

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