Ethics code: IR.US.REC.1401.019
Abstract: (540 Views)
Background & Objectives: Metacognitive therapy of depression can be effective in treating depression by affecting metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive beliefs that feed rumination and cognitive-attentional syndrome, as well, emotion focused therapy by adjusting or changing emotions can affect patients' narratives; Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and emotion focused therapy on mood, primary maladaptive schemas and relapse in people with major depressive disorder.
Method: The current research design was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all depressed people who referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Gachsaran. Fifty-one eligible volunteer patients were randomly assigned to two intervention groups and one control group(seventeen people in each group) using a random number table. The experimental groups include the metacognitive therapy group and the emotional focused therapy group, Each group had 17 people with symptoms and signs of magor depressive disorder, and the control group was the same as the experimental groups and had signs and symptoms of major depressive disorder. In this research, metacognitive therapy for depression was performed in 8 45-minute sessions, emotional focused therapy in 8 one-hour sessions. The research tools include: Beck Depression Questionnaire II (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996), Dificulty Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), Positive metacognitive Beliefs Scale (Papageorgiou &Wells, 2001) Negative metacognitive Belief Scale (Papageorgiou & Wells, 2001) and 75-item Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire(Young & Brown ,1988); that by each of the sample subjects in almost identical and controlled conditions in the pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance with repeated measures, and in order to determine the most effective method on the dependent variables, with Benferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05 by spss software version 21.
Results: The results showed, In the post-test and follow-up stages, both metacognitive and emotional focused therapy groups showed improvement in the depression variable compared to the control group (p<0.001). At the time of post-test and follow-up, the rate of improvement of depression in the emotional-focused therapy group was higher compared to the metacognitive therapy group and the difference was significant (p<0.001). At the time of the post-test, both metacognitive and emotional-focused therapy were significantly effective in reducing Early Maladaptive Schemas compared to the control group (p<0.001); Also, at the time of post-test, the rate of reduction of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the emotional-focused therapy group was higher compared to the metacognitive therapy group and the difference was significant (p<0.001). At the time of follow-up, both metacognitive (p=0.002) and emotional-focused therapy (p<0.001) were significantly effective in reducing Early Maladaptive Schemas compared to the control group. Also, at the time of follow-up, the rate of reduction of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the emotional focused therapy group was higher compared to the metacognitive therapy group and the difference was significant (p<0.001). During the post-test and follow-up, in the metacognitive therapy group, compared to the control group, the amount of positive metacognitive beliefs was lower and the changes in the scores were significant (p<0.001). During the post-test, in the metacognitive therapy group, compared to the control group, the amount of negative metacognitive beliefs was lower and the changes in the scores were significant (p<0.001). At the time of follow-up, the metacognitive therapy group compared to the control group had lower scores of negative metacognitive beliefs and the changes in scores were significant (p=0.006). At the time of the post-test and follow-up, the emotional-focused therapy group compared to the control group, the amount of difficulty in regulating emotions was lower and the changes in the scores were significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results show that metacognitive therapy and emotional focused therapy had an effect in reducing the signs and symptoms of depression and Early Maladaptive Schemas; However, the emotional focused therapy showed a greater reduction and a lower degree of relapse than metacognitive therapy.
Method: The current research design was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all depressed people who referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Gachsaran. Fifty-one eligible volunteer patients were randomly assigned to two intervention groups and one control group(seventeen people in each group) using a random number table. The experimental groups include the metacognitive therapy group and the emotional focused therapy group, Each group had 17 people with symptoms and signs of magor depressive disorder, and the control group was the same as the experimental groups and had signs and symptoms of major depressive disorder. In this research, metacognitive therapy for depression was performed in 8 45-minute sessions, emotional focused therapy in 8 one-hour sessions. The research tools include: Beck Depression Questionnaire II (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996), Dificulty Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), Positive metacognitive Beliefs Scale (Papageorgiou &Wells, 2001) Negative metacognitive Belief Scale (Papageorgiou & Wells, 2001) and 75-item Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire(Young & Brown ,1988); that by each of the sample subjects in almost identical and controlled conditions in the pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance with repeated measures, and in order to determine the most effective method on the dependent variables, with Benferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05 by spss software version 21.
Results: The results showed, In the post-test and follow-up stages, both metacognitive and emotional focused therapy groups showed improvement in the depression variable compared to the control group (p<0.001). At the time of post-test and follow-up, the rate of improvement of depression in the emotional-focused therapy group was higher compared to the metacognitive therapy group and the difference was significant (p<0.001). At the time of the post-test, both metacognitive and emotional-focused therapy were significantly effective in reducing Early Maladaptive Schemas compared to the control group (p<0.001); Also, at the time of post-test, the rate of reduction of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the emotional-focused therapy group was higher compared to the metacognitive therapy group and the difference was significant (p<0.001). At the time of follow-up, both metacognitive (p=0.002) and emotional-focused therapy (p<0.001) were significantly effective in reducing Early Maladaptive Schemas compared to the control group. Also, at the time of follow-up, the rate of reduction of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the emotional focused therapy group was higher compared to the metacognitive therapy group and the difference was significant (p<0.001). During the post-test and follow-up, in the metacognitive therapy group, compared to the control group, the amount of positive metacognitive beliefs was lower and the changes in the scores were significant (p<0.001). During the post-test, in the metacognitive therapy group, compared to the control group, the amount of negative metacognitive beliefs was lower and the changes in the scores were significant (p<0.001). At the time of follow-up, the metacognitive therapy group compared to the control group had lower scores of negative metacognitive beliefs and the changes in scores were significant (p=0.006). At the time of the post-test and follow-up, the emotional-focused therapy group compared to the control group, the amount of difficulty in regulating emotions was lower and the changes in the scores were significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results show that metacognitive therapy and emotional focused therapy had an effect in reducing the signs and symptoms of depression and Early Maladaptive Schemas; However, the emotional focused therapy showed a greater reduction and a lower degree of relapse than metacognitive therapy.
Keywords: metacognitive therapy, emotional focused therapy, primary maladaptive schemas, major depressive disorder.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Psychology
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