1- Islamic Azad University
Abstract: (20 Views)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : All people need skills to prevent mental disorders such as depression as well as increase and improve their mental health. Regulation of emotions through cognition is one of the basic necessities of every person's life, which helps him to regulate his emotions or feelings in the face of a threatening and stressful event. A person's beliefs that he can express his emotions at appropriate times or control them, or that he has the ability to manage his positive and negative emotions is called self-efficacy in emotional regulation. Therefore, a person's thoughts and cognition play a very important role in the ability to manage. Regulation and control of feelings and emotions after experiencing a stressful event.On the other side Communication skills play an important role in improving a person's cognitive, emotional and practical abilities to interact with others and achieve success and happiness in life. Human capabilities grow in the shadow of interpersonal relationships, and the result is poor communication, family, educational, occupational problems, low self-efficacy, and worsening of depression symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on cognitive regulation of emotion and self-efficacy in people with Mild-depression.
Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included people with mild depression in Tehran in 2020. From the above population, 20 people werw selectedby the available sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental(10 people) and control (10 people)groups.. The intervention (communication skills training) which was conducted in accordance with the World Health Organization's educational guidelines The expermintal group underwent Communication Skills Training for 8 sessions of ninety minutes and two sessions per week and the control group received no intervention.
Measuring instruments In this research, Beck's depression test was used as one of the most suitable measuring criteria that can reflect the depressive states in people in order to identify people with mild depression. Meta-analyses reported the correlation coefficient between clinical assessment of depression and BDI as 0.72 for psychiatric patients and 0.60 for healthy people were Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) developed by Garnefski to evaluate the way of thinking after experiencing life-threatening events. The validity of the scale has been calculated through Cronbach's alpha for positive strategies 0.91, negative strategies 0.87 and the whole questionnaire 0.93.
- The self-efficacy questionnaire (GSE) of this scale has a maximum score of 85 and a minimum score of 17, with higher scores indicating stronger self-efficacy. The reliability coefficient through Cronbach's alpha for general self-efficacy was 0.86.
Data analysis was done using descriptive (mean,standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance) in SPSS version 16. The significance level of statistical tests was set at 0.05.
Results : The results indicated that communication skills training is significantly effective in increasing emotionally cognitively adapted strategies, reducing maladaptive cognitive-emotional strategies and increasing the self-efficacy on individuals with mild depression. The Effectiveness of communication skills training intervention on people suffering from depression who were in the experimental group, in the order of priority for rumination strategies (P=0.002) 45%, blaming others (P=0.002) 43%, catastrophizing Making (P=0.020) 28% and self-blame (P=0.032) decreased by 24%, respectively, preference for replanning strategies (P=0.004) 40%, compromise re-evaluation (P=0.012) P=0) 32%, renewed attention (P=0.029) 29%, event acceptance (P=0.026) 26% and perspective taking (P=0.025) 25% increased. Also, in the self-efficacy, the difference between the averages in the test and control groups in the post-test after removing the effect of the pre-test was statistically significant (P<0.001). The Effectiveness of communication skills training intervention on the variable of self-efficacy in people with mild depression who were trained in the experimental group, approximately 41% increased in self-efficacy compared to the control group who were not trained.
Conclusion: Considering the importance of communication skills training for all people and its obvious effect in controlling adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion strategies and self-efficacy on individuals, communication skills training was necessary.
Key words : Self-Efficacy, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, communication skills training, Depression.
Background & Objectives : All people need skills to prevent mental disorders such as depression as well as increase and improve their mental health. Regulation of emotions through cognition is one of the basic necessities of every person's life, which helps him to regulate his emotions or feelings in the face of a threatening and stressful event. A person's beliefs that he can express his emotions at appropriate times or control them, or that he has the ability to manage his positive and negative emotions is called self-efficacy in emotional regulation. Therefore, a person's thoughts and cognition play a very important role in the ability to manage. Regulation and control of feelings and emotions after experiencing a stressful event.On the other side Communication skills play an important role in improving a person's cognitive, emotional and practical abilities to interact with others and achieve success and happiness in life. Human capabilities grow in the shadow of interpersonal relationships, and the result is poor communication, family, educational, occupational problems, low self-efficacy, and worsening of depression symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on cognitive regulation of emotion and self-efficacy in people with Mild-depression.
Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included people with mild depression in Tehran in 2020. From the above population, 20 people werw selectedby the available sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental(10 people) and control (10 people)groups.. The intervention (communication skills training) which was conducted in accordance with the World Health Organization's educational guidelines The expermintal group underwent Communication Skills Training for 8 sessions of ninety minutes and two sessions per week and the control group received no intervention.
Measuring instruments In this research, Beck's depression test was used as one of the most suitable measuring criteria that can reflect the depressive states in people in order to identify people with mild depression. Meta-analyses reported the correlation coefficient between clinical assessment of depression and BDI as 0.72 for psychiatric patients and 0.60 for healthy people were Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) developed by Garnefski to evaluate the way of thinking after experiencing life-threatening events. The validity of the scale has been calculated through Cronbach's alpha for positive strategies 0.91, negative strategies 0.87 and the whole questionnaire 0.93.
- The self-efficacy questionnaire (GSE) of this scale has a maximum score of 85 and a minimum score of 17, with higher scores indicating stronger self-efficacy. The reliability coefficient through Cronbach's alpha for general self-efficacy was 0.86.
Data analysis was done using descriptive (mean,standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance) in SPSS version 16. The significance level of statistical tests was set at 0.05.
Results : The results indicated that communication skills training is significantly effective in increasing emotionally cognitively adapted strategies, reducing maladaptive cognitive-emotional strategies and increasing the self-efficacy on individuals with mild depression. The Effectiveness of communication skills training intervention on people suffering from depression who were in the experimental group, in the order of priority for rumination strategies (P=0.002) 45%, blaming others (P=0.002) 43%, catastrophizing Making (P=0.020) 28% and self-blame (P=0.032) decreased by 24%, respectively, preference for replanning strategies (P=0.004) 40%, compromise re-evaluation (P=0.012) P=0) 32%, renewed attention (P=0.029) 29%, event acceptance (P=0.026) 26% and perspective taking (P=0.025) 25% increased. Also, in the self-efficacy, the difference between the averages in the test and control groups in the post-test after removing the effect of the pre-test was statistically significant (P<0.001). The Effectiveness of communication skills training intervention on the variable of self-efficacy in people with mild depression who were trained in the experimental group, approximately 41% increased in self-efficacy compared to the control group who were not trained.
Conclusion: Considering the importance of communication skills training for all people and its obvious effect in controlling adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion strategies and self-efficacy on individuals, communication skills training was necessary.
Key words : Self-Efficacy, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, communication skills training, Depression.
Type of Study: Review Article |
Subject:
Psychology
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