1- Azad University
2- Science and Arts university
2- Science and Arts university
Abstract: (104 Views)
Background & Objective: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment of social interaction, communication impairment, and restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. In addition to the challenges caused by the main symptoms of this disorder, maladaptive behaviors such as anxiety and aggression can be associated with autism spectrum disorder and can further impair performance and quality of life. Because most people with ASD spend the majority of their lives with ASD in adulthood, there is a compelling need for effective treatments for these incompatibilities. Today, the diagnosis of children with autism spectrum disorders has increased and many children with autism spectrum disorders refer to rehabilitation and psychology clinics. Considering the many psychosocial problems that these children have in adolescence and that affect their lives, it seems very necessary to treat these children at a young age. Considering the various treatments that have been done for these children so far, there are few studies to investigate the effect of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the anxiety of children with autism spectrum disorder. Therefore, in this research, we seek to investigate whether transcranial Direct Current Stimulation has an effect on the anxiety of children with autism spectrum disorder or not.
Methods: This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Among children aged 8 to 12 with autism spectrum disorder referred to the rehabilitation clinics of Yazd city, 30 qualified volunteers were included in the study with the available sampling method, 15 of them were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 15 to the intervention group. Were included in the control group. Anxiety variable scores were compared using the children's version of the Spence Anxiety Questionnaire (Spence, 1997) at two time points before and after transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 17 software and covariance analysis. The significance level of the tests was 0.05.
Results: Data analysis showed that the score of the anxiety questionnaire in autism spectrum disorder families in the intervention group and after receiving direct electrical stimulation decreased significantly compared to the control group (P=0.001).
Conclusion: transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates the activation of negative emotions in a network involved in negative regulation. It can be argued that the transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain of Andi on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with its effect on the amygdala area of the brain, which is the main center of emotions, and also the effect it has on the amount of neurotransmitters in this area, leads to neuroplasticity. And the flexibility of the neurons of this area and as a result changes in the emotional reactions of people.
Using functional imaging evaluation, the positive relationship between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral putamen and amygdala was evaluated and they concluded that this circuit plays a very important role in emotion regulation and mood regulation. Functionally, the putamen is involved during tasks of emotion and reward processing, learning, or working memory.
The studies stated that the findings related to the simultaneous activity of the prefrontal, amygdala, and striatum regions are consistent with functional imaging evidence in emotion regulation, and therefore neurotransmitter modulation created in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can lead to changes in this circuit and improve emotion regulation. and regulate the mood in such a way that the anodic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere leads to the improvement and strengthening of positive mood and the cathodic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere leads to the weakening of negative mood and as a result reducing anxiety.
The results of the present study showed that 10 sessions of 20 minutes of 1 milliampere transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the left anodic/right cathodic region of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has a significant effect on the anxiety of children with autism spectrum disorder and can lead to the improvement of anxiety in these patients. be made Transcranial direct electrical stimulation can be used as a complementary treatment to improve the anxiety of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Methods: This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Among children aged 8 to 12 with autism spectrum disorder referred to the rehabilitation clinics of Yazd city, 30 qualified volunteers were included in the study with the available sampling method, 15 of them were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 15 to the intervention group. Were included in the control group. Anxiety variable scores were compared using the children's version of the Spence Anxiety Questionnaire (Spence, 1997) at two time points before and after transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 17 software and covariance analysis. The significance level of the tests was 0.05.
Results: Data analysis showed that the score of the anxiety questionnaire in autism spectrum disorder families in the intervention group and after receiving direct electrical stimulation decreased significantly compared to the control group (P=0.001).
Conclusion: transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates the activation of negative emotions in a network involved in negative regulation. It can be argued that the transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain of Andi on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with its effect on the amygdala area of the brain, which is the main center of emotions, and also the effect it has on the amount of neurotransmitters in this area, leads to neuroplasticity. And the flexibility of the neurons of this area and as a result changes in the emotional reactions of people.
Using functional imaging evaluation, the positive relationship between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral putamen and amygdala was evaluated and they concluded that this circuit plays a very important role in emotion regulation and mood regulation. Functionally, the putamen is involved during tasks of emotion and reward processing, learning, or working memory.
The studies stated that the findings related to the simultaneous activity of the prefrontal, amygdala, and striatum regions are consistent with functional imaging evidence in emotion regulation, and therefore neurotransmitter modulation created in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can lead to changes in this circuit and improve emotion regulation. and regulate the mood in such a way that the anodic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere leads to the improvement and strengthening of positive mood and the cathodic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere leads to the weakening of negative mood and as a result reducing anxiety.
The results of the present study showed that 10 sessions of 20 minutes of 1 milliampere transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the left anodic/right cathodic region of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has a significant effect on the anxiety of children with autism spectrum disorder and can lead to the improvement of anxiety in these patients. be made Transcranial direct electrical stimulation can be used as a complementary treatment to improve the anxiety of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Rehabilitation
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