1- Islamic Azad University
Abstract: (22 Views)
Background and Objective: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that targets the central nervous system and causes myelin destruction and damage to the axons of the brain and spinal cord. The involvement of the white and gray matter of the brain causes clinical signs and symptoms that cause physical impairment, disability, and cognitive and psychological changes. It is autoimmune in nature. This means that the body's immune system reacts abnormally to another part of the body as a foreign agent. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to transmit signals, resulting in a wide range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems. The age of onset of this disease is between 20 and 40 years, with an average age of 30 years, and its prevalence in women is two to three times higher than in men. Multiple sclerosis leads to disability and various sensory and motor disorders in the patient and is associated with problems such as severity and frequency of disease relapse, low perceived social support, ineffective coping strategies, reduced life expectancy, emotional and economic problems, and mental disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of life therapy on learned helplessness and psychological security of women with multiple sclerosis.
Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all women with multiple sclerosis in the Mazandaran MS Association who registered between October 1401 and September 1402 and had received an MS diagnosis from a specialist. Among them, 24 people were selected using purposive sampling according to the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (12 people in each group). The experimental group members were exposed to 8 90-minute sessions of a group life therapy program (Hassan Zadeh, 1401) and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using the Learned Helplessness Questionnaire (Quinless and Nilsson, 1988) and Psychological Security Questionnaire (Maslow et al., 1952) in three stages before the intervention, after the intervention and three months after the intervention, and then analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance in the statistical software SPSS version 26. The significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05.
Results: The findings showed that before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean (standard deviation) of learned helplessness scores of the two experimental groups (114.75+2.00) and the control group (111.66+2.84) and between the mean (standard deviation) of psychological security scores of the two experimental groups (11.83+3.21) and the control group (11.41+1.14) (P<0.005). However, after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the mean (standard deviation) of learned helplessness scores in the intervention group (113.75+2.31) and the control group (113.00+2.88) and also the mean (standard deviation) of psychological security scores in the intervention group (12.08+1.70) and the control group (10.75+1.67) (P<0.05). In other words, the average of learned helplessness in the experimental group decreased from 114.75 to 113.75 and the average of psychological security in the experimental group increased from 11.83 to 12.08. In other words; the results of the analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the effect of life therapy on learned helplessness and psychological security (p<0.05) is significant. Also, in the three-month follow-up period, life therapy maintained its effect in the participants of the experimental group.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the use of non-pharmacological life therapy intervention is effective in reducing learned helplessness and psychological security in women with multiple sclerosis and improves their psychological problems; therefore, the use of life therapy program in treatment and counseling centers for women with multiple sclerosis is recommended.
Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all women with multiple sclerosis in the Mazandaran MS Association who registered between October 1401 and September 1402 and had received an MS diagnosis from a specialist. Among them, 24 people were selected using purposive sampling according to the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (12 people in each group). The experimental group members were exposed to 8 90-minute sessions of a group life therapy program (Hassan Zadeh, 1401) and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using the Learned Helplessness Questionnaire (Quinless and Nilsson, 1988) and Psychological Security Questionnaire (Maslow et al., 1952) in three stages before the intervention, after the intervention and three months after the intervention, and then analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance in the statistical software SPSS version 26. The significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05.
Results: The findings showed that before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean (standard deviation) of learned helplessness scores of the two experimental groups (114.75+2.00) and the control group (111.66+2.84) and between the mean (standard deviation) of psychological security scores of the two experimental groups (11.83+3.21) and the control group (11.41+1.14) (P<0.005). However, after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the mean (standard deviation) of learned helplessness scores in the intervention group (113.75+2.31) and the control group (113.00+2.88) and also the mean (standard deviation) of psychological security scores in the intervention group (12.08+1.70) and the control group (10.75+1.67) (P<0.05). In other words, the average of learned helplessness in the experimental group decreased from 114.75 to 113.75 and the average of psychological security in the experimental group increased from 11.83 to 12.08. In other words; the results of the analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the effect of life therapy on learned helplessness and psychological security (p<0.05) is significant. Also, in the three-month follow-up period, life therapy maintained its effect in the participants of the experimental group.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the use of non-pharmacological life therapy intervention is effective in reducing learned helplessness and psychological security in women with multiple sclerosis and improves their psychological problems; therefore, the use of life therapy program in treatment and counseling centers for women with multiple sclerosis is recommended.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Psychology
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