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Abstract: (3866 Views)
Background & Objective: Delinquency has been considered not only as a legal issue but also as a sociological and psychological phenomenon. Delinquent behavior refers to a set of behaviors that violate rules and norms and harm society and others. Meanwhile, psychologists emphasize the role of individual and environmental factors in the emergence of attitudes toward crime. Family factors as an environmental factor and psychological well-being as an individual factor are important. Psychological well being refers to a person’s cognitive and affective evaluations of his or her life. Ryff (1989) proposed the concept of psychological well-being as a multidimensional construct. Many researches showed the relationships between family factor and Psychological Well-Being concept. Also, some studies showed that family factors and Psychological Well-Being affected to adolescence delinquency. But no research has investigated the relationship between family function, psychological well-being and attitude to delinquency in a causal model. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological well-being as a index of mental health in the relationship between family processes and functions and attitudes toward delinquency in Tehran's Rehabilitation and Development Center.
Methods: The research method was descriptive correlation. The statistical population included adolescent boys in the Tehran's Rehabilitation and Development Center. The sample consisted of 118 adolescents who were selected by random sampling. Measurement tools were Family Process Scale (Samani, 2008), Psychological Well-Being Scale (Reef, 1989) and Attitude to Delinquent Behavior Questionnaire (Fazli, 2010). Family Process Scale have five sub scales: decision making and problem solving skills, communication skills, coping skills, consistency and religious orientation. Psychological Well-Being Scale, also, have six sub scales: positive attitude toward oneself, satisfying relationships with others, independence and self-determination, sense of mastery and competence, sense of goal directedness in life and feeling of personal continued development. . In this study, to determine the validity, the correlation coefficient between the sub-scales and total sores was used for each scale and the Cronbach's alpha method was used to verify the reliability. The validity and reliability of the all tools used in the research were desirable and satisfactory. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods. At the descriptive level, the mean and standard deviation and the inferential level of Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using AMOS-23 software were used.
Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that among the dimensions of family process, two dimensions of decision making and problem solving (p = 0.001, β = 0.34) and religious orientation (p = 0.001, β = 0.18) direct effect And had a meaningful psychological well-being. Also, problem-solving and decision-making processes (p = 0.001, β = 16/0), coping skills (p = 0.003, β = 0.41), communication skills (p = 0.001, β=0.19) and psychological well-being (p = 0.001, β=-0.15) were significant predictors of attitude towards delinquency. The results of the bootstrap test indicated that problem-solving and decision-making processes (p = 0.03, β = 0.03) and religious orientation (p = 0.01, β = 0.19) were predicted by psychological well-being There was a significant difference between attitudes towards delinquency. The fitting indices of the model also showed that this model had a good fit.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that psychological well-being can play a mediator role between family processes (decision making and problem solving and religious beliefs) and attitudes toward juvenile delinquency. In families where members feel responsible for each other, they are in agreement on decisions, do not lose control over stressful issues, participate in important decisions of life, and rational ways to solve life problems. They increase the sense of efficiency of the members and evaluate the children of the family as a source of mental and emotional support, and this will improve the mental health of the members. Finally, strong family relationships, parental supervision and their religious approach can reduce the chance of negative and destructive relationships among adolescents by influencing mental health indicators.
Methods: The research method was descriptive correlation. The statistical population included adolescent boys in the Tehran's Rehabilitation and Development Center. The sample consisted of 118 adolescents who were selected by random sampling. Measurement tools were Family Process Scale (Samani, 2008), Psychological Well-Being Scale (Reef, 1989) and Attitude to Delinquent Behavior Questionnaire (Fazli, 2010). Family Process Scale have five sub scales: decision making and problem solving skills, communication skills, coping skills, consistency and religious orientation. Psychological Well-Being Scale, also, have six sub scales: positive attitude toward oneself, satisfying relationships with others, independence and self-determination, sense of mastery and competence, sense of goal directedness in life and feeling of personal continued development. . In this study, to determine the validity, the correlation coefficient between the sub-scales and total sores was used for each scale and the Cronbach's alpha method was used to verify the reliability. The validity and reliability of the all tools used in the research were desirable and satisfactory. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods. At the descriptive level, the mean and standard deviation and the inferential level of Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using AMOS-23 software were used.
Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that among the dimensions of family process, two dimensions of decision making and problem solving (p = 0.001, β = 0.34) and religious orientation (p = 0.001, β = 0.18) direct effect And had a meaningful psychological well-being. Also, problem-solving and decision-making processes (p = 0.001, β = 16/0), coping skills (p = 0.003, β = 0.41), communication skills (p = 0.001, β=0.19) and psychological well-being (p = 0.001, β=-0.15) were significant predictors of attitude towards delinquency. The results of the bootstrap test indicated that problem-solving and decision-making processes (p = 0.03, β = 0.03) and religious orientation (p = 0.01, β = 0.19) were predicted by psychological well-being There was a significant difference between attitudes towards delinquency. The fitting indices of the model also showed that this model had a good fit.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that psychological well-being can play a mediator role between family processes (decision making and problem solving and religious beliefs) and attitudes toward juvenile delinquency. In families where members feel responsible for each other, they are in agreement on decisions, do not lose control over stressful issues, participate in important decisions of life, and rational ways to solve life problems. They increase the sense of efficiency of the members and evaluate the children of the family as a source of mental and emotional support, and this will improve the mental health of the members. Finally, strong family relationships, parental supervision and their religious approach can reduce the chance of negative and destructive relationships among adolescents by influencing mental health indicators.
Keywords: family processes and functions, mental health, attitudes toward delinquency, adolescents, delinquency.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Rehabilitation
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