Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies

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Soltani S, Hassani F, Golshani F, Koochak Entezar R. Predicting the Quality of Life by Health Locus of Control and Illness Perception in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases. MEJDS 2021; 11 :84-84
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-2337-en.html

Background & Objectives: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a debilitating condition that reduces the Quality of Life (QoL) due to its comorbid biopsychosocial complications. Furthermore, QoL, as an essential aspect of healthcare, plays an effective role in treatment and care planning. Accordingly, an individual's perception of the disease, the role of the patient in controlling their disease, the treatment process, and the degree of its success, can be of prime importance regarding the QoL. Identifying psychological variables involved in the QoL of patients with CVDs can be effective in improving their QoL. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the role of the health control centers and disease perception in predicting the QoL in patients with CVDs.
Methods: The statistical population of the present correlational study included all patients with CVDs referring to Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Tehran Heart Center, and Khatam Al–Anbia Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. The statistical sample consisted of 350 hospitalized and outpatient volunteers who were selected by convenience sampling method. The inclusion criteria of the study were the ability to share information and experiences; having a CVD; the age of >30 years, and one year has passed since the illness. The exclusion criteria of the study were the patient's unwillingness to continue cooperation and the occurrence of unfavorable physical conditions and exacerbation of the disease. The instruments used in this study were a researcher–designed demographic questionnaire, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (Rector et al., 1984), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Broadbent et al., 2006), and Multidimensional Health locus of Control Scale (Wallston et al., 1978). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics, using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.01.
Results: There was a significant and positive relationship between all subscales of the health control center (including internal control source, control source related to important people & control source related to chance) and the QoL in the examined patients (p<0.01). Additionally, concerning the relationship between disease perception and QoL, only the subscales of perception of outcomes, the perception of disease duration, and personal control presented a significant and positive relationship with patients’ QoL (p<0.01). Regarding treatability, symptom recognition, and concerns, and QoL provided no significant relationship with disease, emotions, emotional response, and the ability to understand the disease (p>0.01). The regression analysis data also revealed control source subscales related to significant others (β=0.36, p<0.001), control source related to chance (β=0.26, p<0.001), the perception of consequences (β=0.13, p<0.001), and personal control (β=0.10, p=0.015) could predict the QoL in the study patients.
Conclusion: The present research findings suggested that the subscales of the health control center, including the control source related to significant others and the control source related to chance, and the subscales of disease perception, including the perception of consequences and personal control can predict the QoL in patients with CVDs.