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Arablo Z, Sadeghi Sayah A. Determining the Effect of Play Therapy Based on Parent-Child Relationship on Self-esteem and Aggression in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. MEJDS 2024; 14 :53-53
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-3283-en.html
Determining the Effect of Play Therapy Based on Parent-Child Relationship on Self-esteem and Aggression in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Zeynab Arablo *1 , Ali Sadeghi Sayah2
1- MA in General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Psychology, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
Abstract:   (730 Views)

Abstract
Background & Objectives: Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is among the pervasive disorders in childhood, which influences various aspects of life, such as education, social relations, and life satisfaction. Hyperactive children have a lot of disservice and harassment, and this harassment causes their parents and teachers to blame them or punish them physically and verbally. This blame and punishment put their self–confidence at a real risk. Low or poor self–esteem is associated with depressive disorders, defiance disorders, phobias, and trophic disorders. Play therapy is one of the remedial methods. Game is an opportunity to express the feelings and experiences of children through which you can detect their unconsciousness indirectly. Play therapy, directly and indirectly, encourages self–elicitation. So, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of play therapy based on the parent–child relationship on the level of self–confidence and aggression of children with ADHD.
Methods: The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all the mothers of students with ADHD in the first grade of elementary schools in Hamadan City, Iran, in the academic year 2019–2020. A total of 30 mothers were selected from the mentioned statistical population and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people (experimental and control). The experimental group underwent ten 60–minute sessions of play therapy based on the parent–child relationship, but this training was not implemented for the control group. The research tools included the play therapy protocol based on the parent–child relationship (Landerth and Bratton, 2006) and three standard tools, including the Conners Parent Rating Scale–Revised Short Form (CPRS–R) (Conners, 1997), the Eysenck's Self–confidence Scale (Eysenck, 1976), and the Aggression Scale (Bass & Perry, 1992). Data analysis was done in SPSS version 23 using covariance analysis. The significance level of the tests was 0.05.
Results: The results showed that play therapy based on parent–child relationships was significantly effective on the level of self–confidence and aggression of children with ADHD. So, it caused a significant increase in self–confidence (p<0.001) and a significant decrease in aggression (p<0.001) in the experimental group. The Eta squared of self–confidence and aggression was obtained as 0.804 and 0.917, respectively, indicating the considerable effect of play therapy based on the parent–child relationship on increasing self–confidence and reducing aggression in children with ADHD.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, play therapy based on the parent–child relationship is recommended as a good way to improve the level of self–confidence and aggression of children with ADHD.

Keywords: Play therapy based on parent–child relationship, Self–confidence, Aggression, Attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Psychology
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