Volume 10 -
MEJDS (2020) 10: 204 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Shafei F, Ghasemi G. Effects of an Eight-Week Moderated Hatha Yoga Training on Extensor Muscles in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy. MEJDS 2020; 10 :204-204
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-1424-en.html
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-1424-en.html
1- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Isfahan (Khorasgan Branch), Islamic Azad University
2- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan
2- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan
Abstract: (2564 Views)
Background & Objectives: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a non–progressive disability in the brain that generates motor deficits and conditions in the development of children. Moreover, CP has various types, among which spastic diplegia is more prevalent. The present study aimed to determine the effect of eight–week modified Hatha yoga exercises on the extensor muscle strength of spastic diplegia CP children.
Methods: This quasi–experimental study was performed on 12 students aged 7 to 14 years with spastic diplegia CP and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) classification of one to three. The study subjects were studying at the exceptional physical–motor schools of Isfahan city, Iran. The research initiated by obtaining the relevant permission from the General Directorate of Education and the Exceptional Education Administration of Isfahan and receiving consent from the parents of students in two schools of Shahid Ahmad Hur and Nafisi. The study subjects were divided into two groups of control (n=5) and experimental (n=7). Then, we conducted the two stages of pretest and posttest in both study groups, using a US–made digital mouse dynamometer device; it was applied for measuring power in the extensor muscles of the trunk. Before conducting the research, a briefing session was held with the experimental group participants to familiarize students and teachers with the sessions’ instructions and estimating the students’ abilities level. The experimental group exercised for three sessions of 45–60 minutes per week for 8 weeks. The researcher, by adjusting each asana based on the characteristics of each study subject as well as a predetermined schedule, trained and adjusted the breaths in each asana. Accordingly, the researcher instructed each asana under the pain threshold of the study subjects. The exercise program was performed and instructed with increasing load and the training time. During this period, the control group received no regular physical activity programs. Two subjects in the control group were excluded from the study because of the need for attending rehabilitation programs. At each stage of the measurement, each study participant was sampled three times. Then, the mean value of the data was individually obtained for each subject. Finally, after data collection in the posttest using the digital mouse dynamometer, the obtained information was analyzed using a Shapiro–Wilks test to verify the normal distribution of data. Independent Samples t–test was used to compare the strength of trunk extensors between the two groups in pretest and posttest phases. To evaluate the effect of training on the strength of trunk extensors between two groups, the repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Finally, the Paired Samples t–test was implemented to examine the effect of exercise on the strength of trunk extensors (comparing pretest and posttest scores between the study groups). All analyzes were performed in SPSS23. The significance level was set at p=0.05.
Results: The present study findings revealed that moderated training of Hatha yoga provided a significant difference in the strength of extensor muscles in the pretest and posttest phases between the experimental and control groups. Additionally, the Shapiro–Wilk test results suggested that the distribution of trunk extensors power in the two groups in the pretest was normal (p <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the strength of extensor strength at the pretest. The repeated–measures ANOVA data indicated that the effects of time (p=0.023) and measurement time were significant in the study groups (p =0.043). Thus, the time factor (exercise in the experimental group) caused a difference between the two research groups. Furthermore, t–test results demonstrated that in the experimental group, the strength of extensor strength significantly increased in the subjects (p =0.020); however, in the control group, it provided no change. Accordingly, in the posttest, the two research groups had a significant difference in the strength of trunk extensors (p =0.026).
Conclusion: The provided training program of this study is suitable for increasing the strength of trunk extensor muscles in children with spasmodic diplegia CP.
Methods: This quasi–experimental study was performed on 12 students aged 7 to 14 years with spastic diplegia CP and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) classification of one to three. The study subjects were studying at the exceptional physical–motor schools of Isfahan city, Iran. The research initiated by obtaining the relevant permission from the General Directorate of Education and the Exceptional Education Administration of Isfahan and receiving consent from the parents of students in two schools of Shahid Ahmad Hur and Nafisi. The study subjects were divided into two groups of control (n=5) and experimental (n=7). Then, we conducted the two stages of pretest and posttest in both study groups, using a US–made digital mouse dynamometer device; it was applied for measuring power in the extensor muscles of the trunk. Before conducting the research, a briefing session was held with the experimental group participants to familiarize students and teachers with the sessions’ instructions and estimating the students’ abilities level. The experimental group exercised for three sessions of 45–60 minutes per week for 8 weeks. The researcher, by adjusting each asana based on the characteristics of each study subject as well as a predetermined schedule, trained and adjusted the breaths in each asana. Accordingly, the researcher instructed each asana under the pain threshold of the study subjects. The exercise program was performed and instructed with increasing load and the training time. During this period, the control group received no regular physical activity programs. Two subjects in the control group were excluded from the study because of the need for attending rehabilitation programs. At each stage of the measurement, each study participant was sampled three times. Then, the mean value of the data was individually obtained for each subject. Finally, after data collection in the posttest using the digital mouse dynamometer, the obtained information was analyzed using a Shapiro–Wilks test to verify the normal distribution of data. Independent Samples t–test was used to compare the strength of trunk extensors between the two groups in pretest and posttest phases. To evaluate the effect of training on the strength of trunk extensors between two groups, the repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Finally, the Paired Samples t–test was implemented to examine the effect of exercise on the strength of trunk extensors (comparing pretest and posttest scores between the study groups). All analyzes were performed in SPSS23. The significance level was set at p=0.05.
Results: The present study findings revealed that moderated training of Hatha yoga provided a significant difference in the strength of extensor muscles in the pretest and posttest phases between the experimental and control groups. Additionally, the Shapiro–Wilk test results suggested that the distribution of trunk extensors power in the two groups in the pretest was normal (p <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the strength of extensor strength at the pretest. The repeated–measures ANOVA data indicated that the effects of time (p=0.023) and measurement time were significant in the study groups (p =0.043). Thus, the time factor (exercise in the experimental group) caused a difference between the two research groups. Furthermore, t–test results demonstrated that in the experimental group, the strength of extensor strength significantly increased in the subjects (p =0.020); however, in the control group, it provided no change. Accordingly, in the posttest, the two research groups had a significant difference in the strength of trunk extensors (p =0.026).
Conclusion: The provided training program of this study is suitable for increasing the strength of trunk extensor muscles in children with spasmodic diplegia CP.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Rehabilitation
References
1. Irani A, Imani A, Rezasoltani A, Hosseini SA. The effect of using of an anti spastic orthosis on the gross motor function in diplegic spastic children in Tehran. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2014;3(3):34–42.[Persian] [Article]
2. Rosenbaum PL, Walter SD, Hanna SE, Palisano RJ, Russell DJ, Raina P, et al. Prognosis for gross motor function in cerebral palsy: creation of motor development curves. JAMA. 2002;288(11):1357–63. [DOI]
3. Uede K, Jiang H. Spastic diplegia with nonperinatal asphyxia in pediatric population. International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal. 2017;1(4):88–9. [DOI]
4. Park MS, Chung CY, Lee SH, Choi IH, Cho T-J, Yoo WJ, et al. Effects of distal hamstring lengthening on sagittal motion in patients with diplegia: Hamstring length and its clinical use. Gait Posture. 2009;30(4):487–91. [DOI]
5. YosefiAfrashteh M, Hoseeini ZS. Meta-Analysis of effect of physical exercises on dynamic balance in elderly people: comparison of pilates exercises, exercises in water and yoga. Aging Psychology. 2016;2(3):217–28. [Persian] [Article]
6. Jayaram N, Varambally S, Behere RV, Venkatasubramanian G, Arasappa R, Christopher R, et al. Effect of yoga therapy on plasma oxytocin and facial emotion recognition deficits in patients of schizophrenia. Indian J Psychiatry. 2013;55(Suppl 3):S409-413. [DOI]
7. Büssing A, Michalsen A, Khalsa SBS, Telles S, Sherman KJ. Effects of yoga on mental and physical health: A short summary of reviews. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;2012:1–7. [DOI]
8. Fan J-T, Chen K-M. Using silver yoga exercises to promote physical and mental health of elders with dementia in long-term care facilities. Int Psychogeriatr. 2011;23(8):1222–30. [DOI]
9. Bastille JV, Gill-Body KM. A yoga-based exercise program for people with chronic poststroke hemiparesis. Phys Ther. 2004;84(1):33–48.
10. Papp ME. Hatha yogic exercises for physical function in healthy individuals and patients with obstructive respiratory disorders [Ph.D dissertion]. [Stockholm, Sweden]: Karolinska Institutet; 2017.
11. Lakkireddy D, Atkins D, Pillarisetti J, Ryschon K, Bommana S, Drisko J, et al. Effect of yoga on arrhythmia burden, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: the YOGA My Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(11):1177–82. [DOI]
12. Ross A, Thomas S. The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16(1):3–12. [DOI]
13. Rajabi R. Samadi H. Corrective Exercise Laboratory. Tehran: Tehran University Publication; 2016, pp:144. [Persian]
14. Ebrahimi-A’tri A, Hashemi-Javaheri AA, Asghari L. Comparison of two exercise methods on motor performance and balance in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2012;13(1):79–87. [Persian] [Article]
15. Ismailiyan M, Marandi SM, Esfarjany F, Ghardashi Afousi A, Movahedi A. A case study: Effect of progressive resistance and balance training on upper trunk muscle strength of children with cerebral palsy. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2016;17(1):84–93. [Persian] [DOI]
16. Sharif-Moradi K, Farah-Pour N. Comparison of the balance performance of the children with spastic cerebral palsy before and after exercise therapy program. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2006;7(1):22–8. [Persian] [Article]
17. Lee Y-C, Wu C-Y, Liaw M-Y, Lin K-C, Tu Y-W, Chen C-L, et al. Developmental profiles of preschool children with spastic diplegic and quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2010;26(7):341–9. [DOI]
18. Davlet’yarova KV, Korshunov SD, Kapilevich LV. Biomechanical bases of rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. In: AIP Conference Proceedings [Internet]. Tomsk, Russia; 2015. p: 030015. Available from: [Article]
19. Khajavi D, Farrokhi A, Jaberi Moghadam AA, Kazemnejad A. The effect of a training intervention program on fall- related motor performance in the male elderly without regular physical activity. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement. 2013;5(2):49–65. [Persian] [DOI]
20. Omkar SN, Vishwas S, Tech B. Yoga techniques as a means of core stability training. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2009;13(1):98–103. [DOI]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
