Volume 10 -
MEJDS (2020) 10: 232 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Mahzoon Khorasani M, Mousavi M. The Effects of Schema Therapy on the Hope of Life, Quality of Life, and Psychological Wellbeing in Housewives. MEJDS 2020; 10 :232-232
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-1624-en.html
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-1624-en.html
1- Faculty of Medical, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University
2- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University
2- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University
Abstract: (2585 Views)
Background & Objectives: Family health is of significant importance. Besides, women, as a pillar of the family, play a significant role in this respect. Women are at greater risk for developing mental health disorders than men. Women’s mental health includes their biosocial, cultural, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing, i.e., influenced by bio socioeconomic and familial factors. Furthermore, it is among the most critical characteristics in the progress of the foundation of the family. Improving the bio psychological health of women leads to the enhanced mental health of their children; thus, it is essential to improve the mental health of women to develop a healthy and creative generation. The current study aimed to determine the effects of schema therapy on the Hope of Life (HoL), Quality of Life (QoL), and Psychological Wellbeing (PWB) in housewives.
Methods: This was an experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The statistical population of this study was all female housewives in district 3 of Tehran City, Iran, in 2019; of whom, 50 cases were selected using the non–random–targeted sampling method. Accordingly, they were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (n=25/group). The inclusion criteria of the study were as follows: the age range of 30 to 50 years; being a housewife; having at least a diploma education; being a resident of Tehran, and presenting no physical illnesses. The exclusion criteria of the study included unwillingness to participate in meetings and absence from>2 treatment sessions in the experimental group, as well as providing incomplete and invalid information. The research tools consisted of the Psychological Wellbeing Scale (SPWB) (Ryff, 1989), WHO Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL–BREF; 1996), Life Expectancy Scale (Snyder et al., 1991), and Young’s Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (Young & Brown, 1998). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). The level of significance was set at 0.05.
Results: The obtained results suggested a significant difference in the posttest scores of HoL (p<0.001), QoL (p<0.001), and PWB (p=0.002) between the experimental and control groups. The mean±SD pretest and posttest values of HoL were 40.36±5.90 and 50.32±3.16; the same rates for QoL were 81.76±8.83 and 93.84±13.36; and the relevant data for PWB were 70.92±10.89 and 76.72±7.98, respectively. Ηη's quadratic square suggested that 49% of the changes in the HoL, approximately 31% of changes in the QoL, and approximately 21% of changes in PWB scores were related to the effect of schema therapy.
Conclusion: The present study results indicated that schema therapy increased HoL, QoL, and PWB, and their associated components in the experimental group, compared to the controls at the posttest stage. Therefore, interventions based on this approach can be effective in promoting mental health and improving the lives of housewives in district 3 of Tehran.
Methods: This was an experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The statistical population of this study was all female housewives in district 3 of Tehran City, Iran, in 2019; of whom, 50 cases were selected using the non–random–targeted sampling method. Accordingly, they were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (n=25/group). The inclusion criteria of the study were as follows: the age range of 30 to 50 years; being a housewife; having at least a diploma education; being a resident of Tehran, and presenting no physical illnesses. The exclusion criteria of the study included unwillingness to participate in meetings and absence from>2 treatment sessions in the experimental group, as well as providing incomplete and invalid information. The research tools consisted of the Psychological Wellbeing Scale (SPWB) (Ryff, 1989), WHO Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL–BREF; 1996), Life Expectancy Scale (Snyder et al., 1991), and Young’s Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (Young & Brown, 1998). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). The level of significance was set at 0.05.
Results: The obtained results suggested a significant difference in the posttest scores of HoL (p<0.001), QoL (p<0.001), and PWB (p=0.002) between the experimental and control groups. The mean±SD pretest and posttest values of HoL were 40.36±5.90 and 50.32±3.16; the same rates for QoL were 81.76±8.83 and 93.84±13.36; and the relevant data for PWB were 70.92±10.89 and 76.72±7.98, respectively. Ηη's quadratic square suggested that 49% of the changes in the HoL, approximately 31% of changes in the QoL, and approximately 21% of changes in PWB scores were related to the effect of schema therapy.
Conclusion: The present study results indicated that schema therapy increased HoL, QoL, and PWB, and their associated components in the experimental group, compared to the controls at the posttest stage. Therefore, interventions based on this approach can be effective in promoting mental health and improving the lives of housewives in district 3 of Tehran.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Psychology
References
1. Saravi FK, Navidian A, Rigi SN, Montazeri A. Comparing health-related quality of life of employed women and housewives: a cross sectional study from southeast Iran. BMC Womens Health. 2012;12:41. [DOI]
2. Sadeghi S, Mirhosseini Z. Sociological study quality of life of housewives in Tehran. Journal of Sociological Researches. 2016;10(2):27. [Persian] [Article]
3. Chang EC, Chang OD, Li M, Xi Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, et al. Positive emotions, hope, and life satisfaction in Chinese adults: a test of the broaden-and-build model in accounting for subjective well-being in Chinese college students. The Journal of Positive Psychology. 2019;14(6):829–35. [DOI]
4. Nordheim T, Rustøen T, Solevåg AL, Småstuen MC, Nakstad B. Hope in Parents of Very-Low Birth Weight Infants and its Association with Parenting Stress and Quality of Life. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018;38:e53–8. [DOI]
5. Samadifard HR, Narimani M. Life Expectancy in the Spouses of Veterans. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health. 2018;10(3):151–6. [Persian] [DOI]
6. Oraki M, Sami P. The Effect of Mindfulness Integrated Behavior- Cognitive Therapy on psychological well-being and quality of life among multiple sclerosis patients. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology. 2017;5(20):34–47. [Persian] [Article]
7. Ahmad M, Khan A. Quality of life among married working women and housewives. Singaporean Journal of Social Science. 2018;1(1):11–16.
8. Dehghani F, Seifi M, Nateghi F, Faghihi A. The effectiveness of happiness training on improving the quality of life of women in pars special economic zone staffs based on their religious attitudes. Iranian journal of educational sociology. 2018;1(9):48–59. [Persian] [Article]
9. Mahdavi Haji T, Mohammadkhani S, Hahtami M. The effectiveness of life skills training on happiness, quality of life and emotion regulation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011;30:407–11. [DOI]
10. Ryff CD. Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 1995;4(4):99–104. [DOI]
11. Bavar F. Behzisti Ravanshenakhti: Rabete an ba Tahvare va Shakhsiat, Nazarie va Pajouhesh [Psychological Well-being: Relation to Personality, Theory and Research Schema. Tehran: Darolfekr Publications; 2016, pp:15–6. [Persian]
12. Boehm JK, Kubzansky LD. The heart’s content: the association between positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular health. Psychol Bull. 2012;138(4):655–91. [DOI]
13. Choudhary L, Ahmad A. A study of psychological well-being among housewives and working women of Mithila region, North Bihar, India. International Journal of Human Resource & Industrial Research,. 2017;4(2):8–15. [DOI]
14. Ghandehari A, Dehghani A. The effectiveness of group schema therapy on disconnection-rejection and impaired autonomy-performance in men under methadone maintenance treatment. Health System Research. 2018;14(2):227–34. [Persian] [DOI]
15. Ghorbanalipoor M, Moghadamzadeh A, Jafary E. The effectiveness of schema therapy and logo therapy on death anxiety in patients with hypochondriasis .Research in Clinical Psychology and Counseling. 2017;7(1):52–66. [Persian] [DOI]
16. Simeone-DiFrancesco C, Roediger E, Stevens B. Schema Therapy with Couples: A Practitioner’s Guide to Healing Relationships. Malden, MA, USA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2015.
17. Tapia G, Perez-Dandieu B, Lenoir H, Othily E, Gray M, Delile J-M. Treating addiction with schema therapy and EMDR in women with co-occurring SUD and PTSD: A pilot study. Journal of Substance Use. 2018;23(2):199–205. [DOI]
18. Kianipour O, Mohsenzadeh F, Zahrakar K. Comparison of schema therapy and narrative therapy when combined each of them with marital enrichment program on marital infidelity tendency and marital satisfaction. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 2018 ;7(2):27–54. [Persian] [Article]
19. Ryff CD. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1989;57(6):1069–81. [DOI]
20. Keyes CLM, Shmotkin D, Ryff CD. Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002;82(6):1007–22.
21. Khanjani M, Shahidi S, Fathabadi J, Mazaheri MA, Shokri O. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being, short form (18-item) among male and female students. Thoughts and Behavior in Clinical Psychology. 2014;9(32):27–36. [Persian] [Article]
22. WHOQOL group WHOQOL-BREF: Introduction, administration and scoring and genetic version of the assessment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996. [Article]
23. Chehelamirani N, Sahaf R, Rassafiani M, Bakhshi E. Validity and reliability of WHOQOL-DIS questionnaire in Iranian older people with disability. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2016;16(4):334–45. [Persian] [Article]
24. Lucas-Carrasco R, Pascual-Sedano B, Galán I, Kulisevsky J, Sastre-Garriga J, Gómez-Benito J. Using the WHOQOL-DIS to measure quality of life in persons with physical disabilities caused by neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegener Dis. 2011;8(4):178–86. [DOI]
25. Snyder CR, Harris C, Anderson JR, Holleran SA, Irving LM, Sigmon ST, et al. The will and the ways: development and validation of an individual- differences measure of hope. J Perso Soc Devel. 1991;60:570-85.
26. Alizadeh M, Rajai A, Hosseini Ghasr S. The effect of group hope therapy on the HIV patients to increase life expectancy. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology. 2013;2(8):70–82. [Persian] [Article]
27. Snyder CR, Feldman DB, Taylor JD, Schroeder LL, Adams VH. The roles of hopeful thinking in preventing problems and enhancing strengths. Applied and Preventive Psychology. 2000;9(4):249–69. [DOI]
28. Young JE, Brown G. Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form. New York: Cognitive Therapy Centre; 1998.
29. Waller G, Meyer C, Ohanian V. Psychometric properties of the long and short versions of the young schema questionnaire: Core beliefs among bulimic and comparison women. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2001;25(2):137–47. [DOI]
30. Sadooghi Z, Aguilar-Vafaie ME, Rasoulzadeh Tabatabaie K, Esfehanian N. Factor analysis of the young schema questionnaire-short form in a nonclinical Iranian Sample. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2008;14(2):214–9. [Persian] [Article]
31. Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME. Schema Therapy: a practitioner’s guide. New York; London: Guilford; 2003.
32. Maleki Z, Naderi I, Ashoori J, Zahedi O. The effect of schema therapy on reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in nursing and midwifery students. Journal of Medical Education & Development 2015;10(1) 47-56. [Persian] [Article]
33. Pourjaberi B, Dasht Bozorgi Z. The effectiveness of schema therapy on eating disorder and rumination of obese adolescent girls. Journal of Community Health. 2019;13(1):1-10.
34. Mohammadi A. The effect of schema thrapy of psychological wellbeing and happiness and hope in the elderly. Journal of Analitical–Cognitive Psycholoy. 2015;6(24):81–9. [Persian] [Article]
35. Mohammad Nezhady B, Rabiei M. The effect of schema therapy on quality of life and psychological well-being in divorced women. Journal of Police Medicine. 2015;4(3):179–90. [Persian] [Article]
36. Videler AC. Schema Therapy With Older Adults. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. Oxford University Press; 2018. [DOI]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
