Volume 11 - Articles-1400
MEJDS (2021) 11: 65 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Saadatkhah M, Narimani M, Mousazadeh T, Taklavi Varnyab S. Comparing the Effects of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Alexithymia in Males with Substance Use Disorder. MEJDS 2021; 11 :65-65
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-1834-en.html
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-1834-en.html
1- Department of Psychology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University
Abstract: (1164 Views)
Background & Objectives: Social deviations and related issues existed as long as human history. Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is among the causes of social deviation, physiologically and psychologically; it adversely affects individuals’ all functioning aspects. SUD treatment programs impose a high economic burden on societies. The etiology and prevention of the factors affecting SUDs are essential. According to studies, there is a significant difference concerning the components of alexithymia between individuals with SUDs and the healthy population. Alexithymia is a personality trait that includes defects in cognitive emotions, descriptive emotions, and objective thinking (inclined to an imaginative manner of thinking). It also indicated the lack of words to express emotions. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the effects of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Mindfulness–Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on alexithymia in individuals with SUD.
Methods: This was an experimental study with pretest–posttest–follow–up and a control group design. The statistical population of this study included all males with SUDs in Ardabil City, Iran who were referred to the Welfare Office for treatment in 2017–2018. In total, 45 eligible subjects were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups (DBT, MBCT, control). The inclusion criteria of the study were as follows: receiving a definitive diagnosis of SUDs for more than one year; receiving no psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy before entering the study; male gender; an age of >17 years; having an educational level of diploma to the doctoral degree, and providing informed consent forms to participate in the research. The exclusion criteria of the study included not attending treatment sessions, presenting severe psychiatric disorders, generating suicidal ideation, having debilitating diseases, such as cancer and hepatitis, and unwillingness to participate in the study. The instrument used in this study for data collection was the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby et al., 1994). DBT was performed in 8 sessions based on the package of McKay et al. (2018); eight sessions of MBCT were also conducted as per the package of Segal et al. (2013). However, no intervention was provided to the control group. Descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics, including repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) posthoc test were used to analyze the obtained data in SPSS. The significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05.
Results: The obtained results suggested that the mean changes of alexithymia remained significant over time (p<0.001); group effect and time*group interaction effect were also significant (p<0.001). In the experimental groups, the difference between pretest and posttest scores was significant (p<0.001); however, in the control group, there was no significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p=0.484). There was a significant difference in the mean posttest and follow–up values between the DBT (p=0.016) and the MBCT (p=0.013) groups, highlighting that the effects of the interventions did not last until the follow–up phase.
Conclusion: According to the present study data, DBT and MBCT were effective in reducing alexithymia in males with SUDs. Therefore, these approaches can be used to treat alexithymia disorder in individuals with SUDs; consequently, they can prevent the recurrence of SUDs.
Methods: This was an experimental study with pretest–posttest–follow–up and a control group design. The statistical population of this study included all males with SUDs in Ardabil City, Iran who were referred to the Welfare Office for treatment in 2017–2018. In total, 45 eligible subjects were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups (DBT, MBCT, control). The inclusion criteria of the study were as follows: receiving a definitive diagnosis of SUDs for more than one year; receiving no psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy before entering the study; male gender; an age of >17 years; having an educational level of diploma to the doctoral degree, and providing informed consent forms to participate in the research. The exclusion criteria of the study included not attending treatment sessions, presenting severe psychiatric disorders, generating suicidal ideation, having debilitating diseases, such as cancer and hepatitis, and unwillingness to participate in the study. The instrument used in this study for data collection was the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby et al., 1994). DBT was performed in 8 sessions based on the package of McKay et al. (2018); eight sessions of MBCT were also conducted as per the package of Segal et al. (2013). However, no intervention was provided to the control group. Descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics, including repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) posthoc test were used to analyze the obtained data in SPSS. The significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05.
Results: The obtained results suggested that the mean changes of alexithymia remained significant over time (p<0.001); group effect and time*group interaction effect were also significant (p<0.001). In the experimental groups, the difference between pretest and posttest scores was significant (p<0.001); however, in the control group, there was no significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p=0.484). There was a significant difference in the mean posttest and follow–up values between the DBT (p=0.016) and the MBCT (p=0.013) groups, highlighting that the effects of the interventions did not last until the follow–up phase.
Conclusion: According to the present study data, DBT and MBCT were effective in reducing alexithymia in males with SUDs. Therefore, these approaches can be used to treat alexithymia disorder in individuals with SUDs; consequently, they can prevent the recurrence of SUDs.
Keywords: Dialectical behavior therapy, Mindfulness–Based cognitive therapy, Alexithymia, Substance use disorder
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Psychology
References
1. Narimani M, Eyvazi N, Abolghasemi A. Effectiveness of teaching emotional intelligence in preventing students’ tendency to substance a abuse. Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction. 2014;8(30):9–19. [Persian] [Article]
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Seyyed Mohammadi Y. (Persian translator). 1st ed. Tehran: Ravan Pub; 2013, pp: 723–893.
3. Peiper NC, Ridenour TA, Hochwalt B, Coyne-Beasley T. Overview on prevalence and recent trends in adolescent substance use and abuse. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2016;25(3):349–65. [DOI]
4. Ouzir M, Errami M. Etiological theories of addiction: A comprehensive update on neurobiological, genetic and behavioural vulnerability. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2016;148:59–68. [DOI]
5. Mehrabizade Honarmand M, Afshari A, Davoudi I. Barrasi sefat shakhsiati, sabk–haye delbastegi, rouydad–haye tanidegiza va jensiat be onvan pishbin–haye nagouie kholghi [Investigation of personality traits, attachment styles, stressful events and gender as predictors of Alexithymia]. Journal of Psychology. 2010;14(3):319–44. [Persian]
6. Psederska E, Savov S, Atanassov N, Vassileva J. Relationships between Alexithymia and Psychopathy in Heroin dependent individuals. Front Psychol. 2019;10:2269. [DOI]
7. Hosseini Katki S, Najafi M, Mohammadifar M. A comparison of Alexithymia, character and temperament, and aggression between addicts and healthy individuals. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences. 2017;14(4):455–63. [Persian] [Article]
8. Mahoney JJ, Thompson-Lake DGY, Cooper K, Verrico CD, Newton TF, De La Garza R. A comparison of impulsivity, depressive symptoms, lifetime stress and sensation seeking in healthy controls versus participants with cocaine or methamphetamine use disorders. J Psychopharmacol. 2015;29(1):50–6. [DOI]
9. Dubey A, Pandey R, Mishra K. Role of emotion regulation difficulties and positive/negative affectivity in explaining alexithymia - health relationship: an overview. Indian Journal of Social Science Researches. 2010;7(1):20–31.
10. Kazempour SM, Roustaee Z. Rabete nagouie kholghi ba amadegi etiad dar daneshjouyan [The relationship between Alexithymia and addiction preparation in students]. In: 3rd National Conference on Strategies for Development and Promotion of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Counseling and Education in Iran [Internet]. Tehran, Iran: Association of Development and Promotion of Fundamental Sciences and Technologies; 2016. [Persian] [Article]
11. Narimani M, Pouresmali A. The comparison of Alexithymia and spiritual intelligence in addicts, addicts under methadone treatment, and non-addicts. Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction. 2012;6(22):7–22. [Persian] [Article]
12. Brems C, Johnson ME, Neal D, Freemon M. Childhood abuse history and substance use among men and women receiving detoxification services. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2004;30(4):799–821. [DOI]
13. Swales MA, Heard HL. Dialectical behaviour therapy: distinctive features. London ; New York: Routledge; 2009, pp:13–21.
14. Narimani M, Bagiyan-Kulemarez MJ, Bavand-Poouri AR, Bakhti M. the effectiveness of group psychotherapy based on Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on the degree of craving and difficulty in emotional self-regulation of methamphetamine users. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2015;6(4):85–101. [Persian] [DOI]
15. Mozafari S, Hosseini J, Tabatabaeirad E. Dialectical behavior therapy and substance abuse disorder: a review of theory and research. Social Health and Addiction. 2017;4(13):111–30. [Persian]
16. Tavakkoli H, Asghari Ebrahimabadi MJ, Amin Yazdi SA, Moshiryan Farahi SM. The effectiveness of dialectical behavior group therapy on maladaptive schemas of addicts with antisocial personality disorder. Personality and Individual Differences. 2016;5(11):27–41. [Persian]
17. Maffei C, Cavicchioli M, Movalli M, Cavallaro R, Fossati A. Dialectical behavior therapy skills training in alcohol dependence treatment: findings based on an open trial. Subst Use Misuse. 2018;53(14):2368–85. [DOI]
18. Priddy SE, Howard MO, Hanley AW, Riquino MR, Friberg-Felsted K, Garland EL. Mindfulness meditation in the treatment of substance use disorders and preventing future relapse: neurocognitive mechanisms and clinical implications. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2018;9:103–14. [DOI]
19. Salimi H, Haghnazari A, Ahmadi-Tahour-Soltani M, Zohre-Vand M. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on drug craving in Heroin addicts treated by Methadone maintenance. Journal of Clinical Psychological. 2016;8(2):23-31. [Persian] [DOI]
20. Kiani A, Ghasemi N, Pourabbas A. The comparsion of the efficacy of group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness on craving and cognitive emotion regulation in methamphetamine addicts. Scientific Quarterly Research on Addiction. 2013;6(24):27–36. [Persian] [Article]
21. Kazemi-Zahrani H, Jalali N. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based relapse prevention on distress and temptation tolerance in Methamphetamine dependent patients. Journal of Police Medicine. 2019;8(1):21–6. [Persian] [DOI]
22. Segal ZV, Williams JMG, Teasdale JD. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: a new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford Press; 2013, pp:44–62.
23. Amemiya R, Sakairi Y. The role of mindfulness in performance and mental health among Japanese athletes: An examination of the relationship between alexithymic tendencies, burnout, and performance. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2019;14(2):456–68. [DOI]
24. Bagby R M, Parker J D, Taylor G J. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia scale I. item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res. 1994; 38(1):23-32. [DOI]
25. Besharat MA. Reliability and factorial validity of a Farsi version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale with a sample of Iranian students. Psychol Rep. 2007;101(1):209–20. [DOI]
26. McKay M, Wood JC, Brantley J. The dialectical behavior therapy skills workbook: practical DBT exercises for learning mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation, & distress tolerance. 2nd ed. Andooz Z, Hamidpour H, Jomehpour H. (Persian translator). Tehran: Arjmand Pub; 2018.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
