Developing a Structural Model of the Relationship Between Metacognitive Beliefs and Psychological Distress with the Mediating Role of Psychological Wellbeing Among Male Prisoner Clients

Ghorbani Hassan Abadi , Reza; Ghasemi Motlagh, Mehdi; Jajarmi , Mahmood

Volume 13 - Articles-1402 MEJDS (2023) 13: 14 | Back to browse issues page

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Ghorbani Hassan Abadi R, Ghasemi Motlagh M, Jajarmi M. Developing a Structural Model of the Relationship Between Metacognitive Beliefs and Psychological Distress with the Mediating Role of Psychological Wellbeing Among Male Prisoner Clients. MEJDS 2023; 13 :14-14
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-2494-en.html

Developing a Structural Model of the Relationship Between Metacognitive Beliefs and Psychological Distress with the Mediating Role of Psychological Wellbeing Among Male Prisoner Clients

Reza Ghorbani Hassan Abadi¹

, Mehdi Ghasemi Motlagh ^*

², Mahmood Jajarmi²

1- PhD student in General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd Branch, Bojnourd, Iran
2- Assistant Professor of Psychology, Azad University of Bojnourd Islamic Branch, Bojnourd, Iran

Abstract: (1185 Views)

Abstract
Background & Objective: Today, psychological distress is one of the most common disorders in the general population, associated with a decreased quality of life at the individual level. In addition, it harms people's performance and negative attitudes toward the environment, others, and even themselves. It may appear with a range of psycho–physiological and behavioral symptoms such as depression, stress, anxiety, disturbance, neurosis, sleep disorders, sexual dysfunction, physical pain, and inability to regulate emotion. The present study was conducted to develop a structural model of the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and psychological distress with the mediating role of psychological well–being among man prisoner clients.
Method: The present study was correlational and used structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all male prisoners in the vocational training and occupational therapy camp of Chenaran City located in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran, in 2020. According to Klein (1998), the acceptable number of samples for correlational studies in large populations is between 15 to 20 people for each variable. Considering at least 15 people for each variable is an optimal rule in structural equations that follow multivariate regression. Accordingly, since we have 14 observed variables (5 subscales of metacognitive beliefs, 3 subscales of psychological distress, and 6 subscales of psychological wellbeing), considering 20 people for each observed variable, the minimum sample size was 280. However, due to the characteristics of the study sample, the high probability of the sample dropout, and the existence of incomplete questionnaires, this number increased to 350 people. Sampling was done by convenience method and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were as follows: prisoners having symptoms of psychological distress based on a psychiatrist's diagnosis; having knowledge and insight about their underlying problems and feeling the need for low medical intervention (based on prisoner's feedback and psychiatrist's diagnosis); willingness to participate in research. The exclusion criteria were as follows: lack of chronic medical problems, use of psychiatric and psychotropic drugs, history of hospitalization in psychiatric hospitals, and use of psychological interventions. After receiving the clinical history of the prisoners by the researcher, the questionnaires were administered to the prisoners. In this study, participants answered the short form of the Wales Metacognition Questionnaire (1997), Lovibond and Lovibond Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (1995), and Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Questionnaire (short form) (1989). In addition, questions related to age, marital status and education were used to obtain demographic information. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS–25 and AMOS–24 statistical software programs, and the significance level of the tests in this study was considered 0.05.
Result: The results showed that the direct path coefficient between metacognitive beliefs and psychological wellbeing was negative and significant (p=0.002; β=–0.273), and the direct path coefficient between metacognitive beliefs and psychological distress was positive and significant (p=0.001; β=0.300). The direct coefficient of psychological wellbeing on psychological distress is also negative and significant (p=0.002; β=–0.504). The coefficient of the indirect effect of metacognitive beliefs on psychological distress is also positive and significant (p=0.001; β=0.138). The goodness of model fit index showed that psychological wellbeing mediated the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and psychological distress (CFI=0.95; RMSEA=0.06).
Conclusion: Based on the study results, psychological wellbeing mediates the structural relationship between metacognitive beliefs and psychological distress. Therefore, these findings can be used by prison managers and officials, as well as they can also be effective in promoting mental health and reducing the psychological distress of prisoners.

Keywords: Metacognitive beliefs, Psychological distress, Psychological wellbeing, Prisoners

Full-Text [PDF 567 kb] (533 Downloads)

Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Psychology

References

1. Tajdin A, AleYasin A, Heydari H, Davodi H. Comparison of the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and reality therapy on alexithymia among male prisoner clients. Journal of Psychological Sciences. 2021;19(95):1519–32. [Persian] [Article]

2. Rassa Zh, Rezaei AM, Bigdeli I. Effectiveness of flourish training on reducing of psychological distress in high school students. Clinical Psychology. 2017;9(1):39–50. [Persian] [Article]

3. Bidari F, Haji Alizadeh K. Effectiveness of schema therapy on cognitive strategies of emotion, distress bearing and alexithymia in the patients suffering from borderline personality disorder. Psychological Studies. 2019;15(2):165–80. [Persian] [Article]

4. Asgari R, Khaleghipour Sh. The effect of autobiographical memory specificity training on experiential avoidance and distress tolerance in imprisoned men suffering from major depressive disorder. Psychological Studies. 2020;16(2):157–72. [Persian] [Article]

5. World Health Organization. Policies and practices for mental health in Europe, meeting the challenges [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2008.

6. Wells A. Meta-cognition and worry: a cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother. 1995;23(3):301–20. [DOI]

7. Flavell JH. Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. In: Resnick LB; editor. The nature of intelligence. Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum; 1976.

8. Haghshenas Z, Nouri Ghasmabadi R, Moradi A, Sarami Gh. Evaluation of coping styles, meta-cognitive beliefs and test anxiety in the university students: investigating the mediating role of coping styles. Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2014;1(2):30–40. [Persian] [Article]

9. Hassanvand Amouzadeh M, Roshan Chesly R, Hassanvand Amouzadeh M. Hassanvand Amouzadeh, Massoud. The relationship of the meta-cognitive beliefs with social anxiety-symptoms (avoidance, fear and physiological arousal) in non-clinical population. Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences. 2013;2(3):55–70. [Persian] [Article]

10. Salarifar M, Pouretemad HR. The relationship between metacognitive beliefs and anxiety and depression disorder. Yafteh. 2012;13(4):29–38. [Persian] [Article]

11. Sharifi K. The role of spiritual experiences and psychological hardiness in prediction with subject well-being in nurses. Rooyesh. 2019;7(10):67–84. [Persian] [Article]

12. Ryff CD. Happiness is everything, or is it? explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989;57(6):1069–81. [DOI]

13. Badanfiroz A, Babamohamadi M, Sabahi P. Depression in paramedical students: the predictive role of spiritual well-being and hope. J Relig Health. 2017;5(1):40–50. [Persian] [Article]

14. Heidari Sh, Mehdi Nejad Gorji G, Liani F. Naghshe Behzisti ravan shenakhti va hooshe hayajani dar pish bini ezterabe emtehane daneshjouyan [The role of psychological well-being and emotional intelligence in predicting students' test anxiety]. In: International Conference on Behavioral Sciences and Social Studies [Internet]. Tehran, University of Tehran; 2014. [Persian]

15. Talebi M, Naderi F, Bakhtiyarpour S, Safarzadeh S. The effect of psychological well-being training on distress tolerance, mind wandering and depression of mothers with mentally retarded children. Journal of Nursing Education. 2020;9(2):27–36. [Persian] [Article]

16. Karimi A, Karsazi H, Fazeli Mehrabadi A. Role of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adolescent psychological well-being: moderating effect of religious orientation. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2021;19(2):58–65 [Persian] [Article]

17. Moatamedy A, Borjali A, Sadeqpur M. Prediction of psychological well-being of the elderly based on the power of stress management and social support. Salmand. 2018;13(1):98–109. [Persian] [DOI]

18. Hatami H. Prediction of the psychological well-being of the wives of the military personnel based on metacognitive beliefs and emotion regulation strategies. Journal of Military Psychology. 2017;8(30):19–37. [Persian] [Article]

19. Bagheri M, Azadmard S. Naghshe bavar haye farashenakhti dar pish bini behzisti ravan shenakhti valedeyne koodakane daraye natavani yadgiri [The role of metacognitive beliefs in predicting the psychological well-being of parents of children with learning disabilities]. In: The Second National Conference on Science and Technology of Educational Science, Social Studies and Psychology of Iran [Internet]. Tehran; 2016. [Persian]

20. Ghaderi M, Dukaneh Fard F, Jahangir P, Vosough Taghi Dizaj A. The role of metacognitive beliefs and experiential avoidance in predicting psychological distress with the mediation of adaptation to infertility in infertile women. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 2021;63(6):23–34. [Persian] [Article]

21. Mahmoudzadeh S, Rasouli Saravi S. Pish bini ravan shenakhti bar asas bavar haye fara shenakhti daneshjouyan daraye ezterab emtehan [Predicting psychological distress based on metacognitive beliefs of students with test anxiety]. In: National Conference on Research and Innovation in Psychology, with a special focus on third wave therapeutic approaches [Internet]. Babol; 2020. [Persian]

22. Salarifar MH, Pouretemad H R. The relationship between metacognitive beliefs and anxiety and depression disorder. Yafte. 2012;13(4):29–38. [Persian] [Article]

23. Nieto MAP, Delgado MMR, Mteos LL, Bueno N. Cognitive control and anxiety disorders: Metacognitive beliefs and strategies of control thought in GAD and OCD. Clinic and Health. 2010;21(2):159–66. [DOI]

24. Coutinho SA. The relationship between the need for cognition, metacognition, and intellectual task performance. Educational Research and Reviews. 2006;1(5), 162–4. [DOI]

25. Sarafino EP. Ravanshenasi salamat [Health psychology]. Mirzaei E, Montazeri Moghadam A, Garmaroudi Gh, Ghavamian P, Shafeie F, Jazayeri A, et al. (Persian translator). Tehran: Roshd Pub; 2018. [Persian]

26. Keyes CLM, Dhingra SS, Simoes EJ. Change in level of positive mental health as a predictor of future risk of mental illness. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(12):2366–71. [DOI]

27. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guildford Press; 1998.

28. Wells A, Cartwright-Hatton S. A short form of the metacognitions questionnaire: properties of the MCQ-30. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42(4):385–96. [DOI]

29. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335–43. [DOI]

30. Wells A, Matthews G. Attention and emotion: a clinical perspective. Hove: Erlbaum; 1994.

31. Mohammadkhani Sh, Farjad M. The relationship of the metacognitive beliefs and thought control strategies with obsessive–compulsive symptoms in nonclinical population. Clinical Psychology. 2009;1(3):35–51. [Persian] [Article]

32. Samani S, Jokar B. Barrasiye etebar va revaei forme kootah meghyas afsordegi, ezterab va feshar ravani [A study on the reliability and validity of the short form of The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (Dass–21). Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities of Shiraz University. 2007;26(3):65–77. [Persian]

33. Sahebi A, Asghari MJ, Salari RS. Validation of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) for an Iranian population. Iranian Psychologists. 2005;1(4):299–313. [Persian] [Article]

34. Keyes CLM, Shmotkin D, Ryff CD. Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002;82(6):1007–22. [DOI]

35. Davami M, Abdekhodaei MS, Ghanaei Chamanabad A. Barrasiye naghshe mianji nagooyi hayajani dar rabeteye bavar haye farashenakhti va ehsase ensejame ravani ba rezayat mandi zanashoo'i [Investigating the mediating role of emotional distress in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and feelings of psychological cohesion with marital satisfaction]. In: 5th International Conference on New Research Achievements in Humanities and Social and Cultural Studies [Internet]. Tehran: University of Tehran; 2019. [Persian]

36. Rahimian Boogar I, Firoozi M. Prediction of psychological well-being and psychological distress in college ‎students based on components of metacognitive beliefs. Research in Psychological Health. 2012;5(2):32–44. [Persian] [Article]