1. Brown DJ. National education data: more students with disabilities served over past decade in public schools [Internet]. Iowa Capital Dispatch. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 26]. Available at: [
Article]
2. Shokoohi Yekta M, Pirzadi H, Parand A. Reading disorder: definitions, etiology, characteristics, assessment, and methods. 1st ed. Tehran: Teimourzadeh Pub; 2021, p: 38. [Persian]
3. Grigorenko EL, Compton DL, Fuchs LS, Wagner RK, Willcutt EG, Fletcher JM. Understanding, educating, and supporting children with specific learning disabilities: 50 years of science and practice. Am Psychol. 2020;75(1):37–51. [
DOI]
4. Fletcher JM, Miciak J. The identification of specific learning disabilities: a summary of research on best practices. Austin, TX: Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk; 2019.
5. Zhang S, Liu J, Wang J, Xia X, Zhang L, Liu L, et al. Developing and validating the Learning Disabilities Screening Scale in Chinese elementary schools. International Journal of Educational Research. 2019;96:91–9. [
DOI]
6. McCarney SB, House, SN. Learning Disability Evaluation Scale. 4th ed. Columbia, USA: Hawthorne Educational Services Inc; 2018.
7. Mathew ST. A review of the Learning Disability Evaluation Scale (LDES). Journal of School Psychology. 2001;39(3):279–84. [
DOI]
8. McCarney SB, Bauer AM, House SN. Learning disability intervention manual. 2nd ed. Columbia, USA: Hawthorne Educational Services Inc; 2006.
9. McCarney SB, Bauer AM. The Parent's guide to learning disabilities: helping your LD child succeed at home and school. Columbia, USA: Hawthorne Educational Services Inc; 1991.
10. Mayers A. Introduction to statistics and SPSS in psychology. Harlow: Pearson Education; 2013.
11. Willcutt EG, Boada R, Riddle MW, Chhabildas N, DeFries JC, Pennington BF. Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire: validation of a parent–report screening measure. Psychol Assess. 2011;23(3):778–91. [
DOI]
12. Hammill D, Bryant B. LDDI: the Learning Disabilities Diagnostic Inventory. Austin, Texas, USA: PRO–ED Inc; 1998.
13. Hajloo N, Rezaie Sharif A. Psychometric properties of Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ). Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2011;1(1):24–43. [Persian] [
Article]
14. Younan L, Clinton M, Fares S, Samaha H. The translation and cultural adaptation validity of the Actual Scope of Practice Questionnaire. East Mediterr Health J. 2019;25(3):181–8. [
DOI]
15. Ayre C, Scally AJ. Critical values for Lawshe's content validity ratio: revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development. 2014;47(1):79–86. [
DOI]
16. Yusoff MSB. ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Education in Medicine Journal. 2019;11(2):49–54. [
DOI]
17. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 3rd ed. New York: The Guilford Press; 2016.
18. Weston R, Gore PA. A brief guide to structural equation modeling. The Counseling Psychologist. 2006;34(5):719–51. [
DOI]
19. Minaee A. A confirmatory factor analysis of teacher's report form (TRF). Journal of Exceptional Children. 2006;6(3):769–86. [Persian] [
Article]
20. Floyd FJ, Widaman KF. Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment. 1995;7(3):286–99. [
DOI]
21. Meade AW, Kroustalis CM. Problems with item parceling for confirmatory factor analytic tests of measurement invariance. Organizational Research Methods. 2006;9(3):369–403. [
DOI]
22. Pazoki S, Arjmandnia A, Shokouhi Yekta M, Abbas BH, MoghaddamZadeh A. Standardization of Diagnostic and Prescriptive Learning Disability Evaluation Scale (LDES-4) to improve learning quality of students with learning problems. Journal of Psychological Science. 2023;22(127):1259–83. [Persian] [
DOI]
23. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 7th ed. New York, NY: Pearson; 2019.
24. Blunch NJ. Introduction to structural equation modeling using IBM SPSS statistics and AMOS [Internet]. London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd; 2013. [
DOI]
25. Crede M, Harms P. Questionable research practices when using confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 2019;34(1):18–30. [
DOI]
26. Buckett A, Becker JR, Roodt G. The impact of item parceling ratios and strategies on the internal structure of assessment center ratings: a study using confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Personnel Psychology. 2021;20(1):1–16. [
DOI]
27. Gomez R, Brown T, Watson S, Stavropoulos V. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling of the factor structure of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE). PLoS One. 2022;17(2):e0261914. [
DOI]
28. Paliwal D, Kumar R. Exploring the five–factor structure of the need for closure scale on Indian samples using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. European Journal of Psychology and Educational Research. 2022;5(1):45–51. [
DOI]
29. Wilson MJ, Bullock LM. Psychometric characteristics of behavior rating scales: definitions, problems, and solutions. Behavioral Disorders. 1989;14(3):186–200. [
DOI]
30. Munro E. A simpler way to understand the results of risk assessment instruments. Children and Youth Services Review. 2004;26(9):873–83. [
DOI]