1- Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University
Abstract: (197 Views)
Background and purpose: Considering the many problems of life today, research on the aspects of positive psychology is growing day by day. Psychological well-being is a state of well-being and the existence of this feeling of ability in people to cope with problems and dealing with different communication modes in society. Among the positive factors effective on psychological well-being are the components of worry, self-efficacy, distress tolerance, hope and optimism. Worry is a series of thoughts and mental images that have a negative emotional charge and are somewhat uncontrollable. Self-efficacy refers to a person's level of confidence and trust in his abilities when facing a problem and a specific situation in which his efficiency will be measured. Disturbance tolerance refers to the perceived ability of people to resist negative or unpleasant emotional states, as well as the behavioral ability to persist in the face of internal distress that is provoked by some stressful situations. Hope means believing that I will reach my goals under any circumstances. Optimism is one of the positive characteristics of human beings and it refers to choosing a direction in which positive consequences are usually expected and these consequences are considered as constant scientific and internal factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between worry, self-efficacy and disturbance tolerance with the psychological well-being of first and second secondary school students: the mediating role of hope and optimism.
Research method: The research method was correlational analysis which was done using structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the present study included all the female and male students of the first and second high school in the academic year of 1401-1402 in the city of Bileh-Swar. According to the conceptual model of the research and due to the observance of the minimal criteria proposed by Klein, two hundred people were selected as the standard sample. The random sampling method was a multi-stage cluster, all the necessary ethical issues, such as the statement of the research objectives, confidentiality and freeing the applicants to continue cooperation and other issues were presented to the participants, and also the analysis of the research data in Descriptive and inferential statistics levels were performed. At the descriptive level, mean and standard deviation were used to measure research variables. Kolmogorov Smirnoff test was used to check the normality of the distribution of scores. At the inferential level, Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to investigate the relationships between variables. In this research, for the fitting of the proposed model, the fit indices include normalized fit, non-normed fit, comparative fit, incremental fit, goodness of fit, goodness of fit. Adjusted or adaptive, and root mean square error of approximation was used. Bootstrap method was used to determine the significance of worry, self-efficacy and disturbance tolerance on psychological well-being through the mediating role of hope and optimism. Also, data analysis software was SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 24. The value of alpha in all tests was considered equal to 0.05.
Findings: The results showed direct paths between worry (P<0.001; β=-0.75); self-efficacy (P<0.001; β=0.44); disturbance tolerance (P<0.001; β=0.61); Hope (p<0.001; β=0.75) and optimism (p<0.001; β=0.81) were significant with psychological well-being. The goodness of fit indices supported the good fit of the research model with the collected data. RMSEA=0.071, CFI=0.933, AGFI=0.927, IFI=0.941, GFI=0.932, NFI=0.939, X2/df=2.50.
Conclusion: In the series of this study, it showed that the variables of worry were negatively and significantly, and self-efficacy and disturbance tolerance were positively and significantly effective on psychological well-being. In addition, it was observed that the variables of hope and optimism can play an effective mediating role between worry, self-efficacy and distress tolerance with psychological well-being.
Research method: The research method was correlational analysis which was done using structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the present study included all the female and male students of the first and second high school in the academic year of 1401-1402 in the city of Bileh-Swar. According to the conceptual model of the research and due to the observance of the minimal criteria proposed by Klein, two hundred people were selected as the standard sample. The random sampling method was a multi-stage cluster, all the necessary ethical issues, such as the statement of the research objectives, confidentiality and freeing the applicants to continue cooperation and other issues were presented to the participants, and also the analysis of the research data in Descriptive and inferential statistics levels were performed. At the descriptive level, mean and standard deviation were used to measure research variables. Kolmogorov Smirnoff test was used to check the normality of the distribution of scores. At the inferential level, Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to investigate the relationships between variables. In this research, for the fitting of the proposed model, the fit indices include normalized fit, non-normed fit, comparative fit, incremental fit, goodness of fit, goodness of fit. Adjusted or adaptive, and root mean square error of approximation was used. Bootstrap method was used to determine the significance of worry, self-efficacy and disturbance tolerance on psychological well-being through the mediating role of hope and optimism. Also, data analysis software was SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 24. The value of alpha in all tests was considered equal to 0.05.
Findings: The results showed direct paths between worry (P<0.001; β=-0.75); self-efficacy (P<0.001; β=0.44); disturbance tolerance (P<0.001; β=0.61); Hope (p<0.001; β=0.75) and optimism (p<0.001; β=0.81) were significant with psychological well-being. The goodness of fit indices supported the good fit of the research model with the collected data. RMSEA=0.071, CFI=0.933, AGFI=0.927, IFI=0.941, GFI=0.932, NFI=0.939, X2/df=2.50.
Conclusion: In the series of this study, it showed that the variables of worry were negatively and significantly, and self-efficacy and disturbance tolerance were positively and significantly effective on psychological well-being. In addition, it was observed that the variables of hope and optimism can play an effective mediating role between worry, self-efficacy and distress tolerance with psychological well-being.
Keywords: Worry, Self-Efficiency, Distress tolerance, Psychological Well-being, Hope, Optimism, Students
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Psychology
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