The Effectiveness of Direct Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Rumination and Anxiety in Patients with Paranoid Personality Disorder

Erfanmanesh , Erfane; Mousavi , Seyed Asghar; Saeidmanesh, Mohsen

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Erfanmanesh E, Mousavi S A, Saeidmanesh M. The Effectiveness of Direct Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Rumination and Anxiety in Patients with Paranoid Personality Disorder. MEJDS 2024; 14 :1-1
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-3332-en.html

The Effectiveness of Direct Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Rumination and Anxiety in Patients with Paranoid Personality Disorder

Erfane Erfanmanesh¹

, Seyed Asghar Mousavi ^*²

, Mohsen Saeidmanesh³

1- PhD Student in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
3- Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract: (866 Views)

Abstract
Background & Objectives: Paranoid personality disorder is a severe and challenging-to-treat mental illness that has historically been overlooked clinically, causing those affected to harbor deep and unfounded distrust toward others. Since neural variability is an important pathological component of many neurological and psychiatric diseases, non-invasive brain stimulation is a potential therapeutic option because it can modulate neural activity. Transcranial direct current stimulation is a non-invasive technique that stimulates parts of the brain for therapeutic effects and has been introduced as a promising method to increase neural flexibility. It is relatively safe, fast, and more portable, affordable, and tolerable compared to other techniques. The effects and direction of transcranial direct stimulation are influenced by the intensity of the stimulation and can be enhanced with repeated stimulation (i.e., cumulative effects). Anodic stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex and inhibition of the right prefrontal cortex are the most promising approaches for treating anxiety disorders. In the context of chronic, complex, and treatment-resistant disorders, focusing on rumination can enhance the effectiveness of psychological treatments and improve treatment outcomes. Additionally, rumination moderates the relationship between anxiety, negative affect, and paranoia. The study aimed to assess the impact of transcranial direct electrical stimulation on rumination and anxiety in paranoid personality disorder patients.
Methods: The current study was an experimental research with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design, including a control group. The research included all patients with paranoid personality disorder aged 30 to 45 in Yazd city who visited psychological and psychiatric clinics and hospitals in 2022. The research sample consisted of 30 volunteers selected through non-random sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (15 people) and control (15 people). During the pre-test and two-month post-test phases, participants completed questionnaires which included Hoeksma and Maro's 22-question rumination questionnaire (Hoeksma and Maro, 1991) with an alpha coefficient of 0.90 and a retest reliability of 0.67. They also completed Beck's 21-question anxiety scale (Beck et al., 1990) with a one-week retest reliability coefficient of 0.75 and an internal consistency of 0.93. During the experiment, the subjects in the experimental group received therapeutic intervention over 10 consecutive days, with 10 sessions lasting 20 minutes each. The intervention involved direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain in the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex. This was done by simultaneously applying anodic stimulation to the left area and cathodic stimulation to the right area of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with an intensity of 2 mA. Data analysis was conducted using the analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05, utilizing SPSS-27 software.
Results: The results showed that direct transcranial electrical stimulation significantly improved rumination (p<0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001) in the post-test phase. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in rumination and anxiety scores between the post-test and follow-up stages, indicating that the treatment effects were durable in the follow-up stage.
Conclusion: According to the research results, implementing direct transcranial electrical stimulation treatment for patients can have beneficial effects in reducing their emotional and cognitive problems.

Keywords: Paranoid Personality Disorder, Rumination, Anxiety, Direct Transcranial Electrical Stimulation

Full-Text [PDF 382 kb] (596 Downloads)

Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Psychology

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