تعطیلات نوروز ۱۴۰۴-ضمن آرزوی قبولی طاعات و عبادات و همچنین تبریک فرارسیدن بهار و شروع سال جدید، به اطلاع میرساند این نشریه از تاریخ ۲۸ اسفندماه ۱۴۰۳ لغایت ۱۵ فروردین ۱۴۰۴ تعطیل می باشد.
Ethics code: IR.IAU.ILAM.REC.1403.095
1- Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology, Ilam branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran
Abstract: (78 Views)
Background & Aim: Substance abuse is a significant crisis for individuals, their families, and society. The increasing trend of substance abuse poses major challenges for individuals and healthcare systems. Effective therapeutic strategies are essential to address these challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and time perspective therapy on the locus of control in individuals with substance dependence in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2024.
Methods: The current study utilized a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach and a two-month follow-up, including a control group. The research population consisted of all individuals with substance dependence who visited addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah during the first half of 2024. From this group, 60 eligible volunteers were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: metacognitive therapy, time perspective therapy, and a control group (20 participants in each group). Inclusion criteria included willingness to participate, informed consent, male gender, a confirmed diagnosis of substance dependence, substance use for more than one year, age range of 20 to 40 years, a minimum education level of high school diploma, and a locus of control questionnaire score (cutoff score of 11). Exclusion criteria included missing more than two therapy sessions, simultaneous participation in other educational interventions, and the presence of severe chronic physical or mental illnesses. Data were collected using the Locus of Control Scale developed by Rotter in 1966. The metacognitive therapy intervention was conducted with the first experimental group over 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, once a week. The time perspective therapy intervention was conducted with the second experimental group over 6 sessions of 90 minutes each, once a week. The control group did not receive any psychotherapy interventions during this period. After administering the pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessments, the collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests in SPSS 26 at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results showed that the mean posttest and follow-up scores for the locus of control variable in the experimental groups decreased compared to the pretest scores, while no significant difference was observed in the control group between the posttest and follow-up scores compared to the pretest. The effect of time on the locus of control scores at the pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages was significant (p<0.001). The group effect also indicated that the difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean locus of control scores across all stages of the study was significant (p<0.001). The results of the groups in terms interaction effect showed that the difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean locus of control scores across all stages of the study was significant (p<0.001), indicating the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and time perspective therapy on the locus of control in individuals with substance dependence at the posttest and follow-up stages compared to the control group. Furthermore, the results showed that the posttest and follow-up scores for the locus of control in the metacognitive therapy and time perspective therapy groups significantly decreased compared to the pretest scores (p<0.001), while no significant difference was observed in the control group’s locus of control scores across different time points. The results also indicated a significant difference in the mean scores of the pre-test in the locus of control variable with the post-test and follow-up in the experimental groups (p<0.001); but the post-test scores of the locus of control variable did not differ significantly with the follow-up stage (p<0.05); this meant that the effect of metacognitive therapy and time perspective therapy on locus of control was permanent; also, there was a statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and time perspective therapy on locus of control (p<0.001), and metacognitive therapy was more effective on locus of control in drug-dependent individuals than time perspective therapy.
Conclusion: The findings of the current research indicate that in metacognitive therapy, individuals with substance dependence can connect with their thoughts in a different way and experience flexible metacognitive awareness, and time perspective therapy, through a subconscious personal attitude towards time, has been effective on the locus of control of individuals with substance dependence. Comparatively, metacognitive therapy can be used as a more effective method in reducing the locus of control in individuals with substance dependence compared to time perspective therapy. Based on the results of the current research, it is suggested that metacognitive therapy be considered by therapists and psychology professionals when working with individuals with substance dependence, and that the necessary training be provided to raise the awareness level of psychologists and therapists in this area.
Keywords: Metacognitive Therapy, Time Perspective Therapy, locus of Control, Substance Dependence.
Methods: The current study utilized a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach and a two-month follow-up, including a control group. The research population consisted of all individuals with substance dependence who visited addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah during the first half of 2024. From this group, 60 eligible volunteers were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: metacognitive therapy, time perspective therapy, and a control group (20 participants in each group). Inclusion criteria included willingness to participate, informed consent, male gender, a confirmed diagnosis of substance dependence, substance use for more than one year, age range of 20 to 40 years, a minimum education level of high school diploma, and a locus of control questionnaire score (cutoff score of 11). Exclusion criteria included missing more than two therapy sessions, simultaneous participation in other educational interventions, and the presence of severe chronic physical or mental illnesses. Data were collected using the Locus of Control Scale developed by Rotter in 1966. The metacognitive therapy intervention was conducted with the first experimental group over 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, once a week. The time perspective therapy intervention was conducted with the second experimental group over 6 sessions of 90 minutes each, once a week. The control group did not receive any psychotherapy interventions during this period. After administering the pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessments, the collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests in SPSS 26 at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results showed that the mean posttest and follow-up scores for the locus of control variable in the experimental groups decreased compared to the pretest scores, while no significant difference was observed in the control group between the posttest and follow-up scores compared to the pretest. The effect of time on the locus of control scores at the pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages was significant (p<0.001). The group effect also indicated that the difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean locus of control scores across all stages of the study was significant (p<0.001). The results of the groups in terms interaction effect showed that the difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean locus of control scores across all stages of the study was significant (p<0.001), indicating the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and time perspective therapy on the locus of control in individuals with substance dependence at the posttest and follow-up stages compared to the control group. Furthermore, the results showed that the posttest and follow-up scores for the locus of control in the metacognitive therapy and time perspective therapy groups significantly decreased compared to the pretest scores (p<0.001), while no significant difference was observed in the control group’s locus of control scores across different time points. The results also indicated a significant difference in the mean scores of the pre-test in the locus of control variable with the post-test and follow-up in the experimental groups (p<0.001); but the post-test scores of the locus of control variable did not differ significantly with the follow-up stage (p<0.05); this meant that the effect of metacognitive therapy and time perspective therapy on locus of control was permanent; also, there was a statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and time perspective therapy on locus of control (p<0.001), and metacognitive therapy was more effective on locus of control in drug-dependent individuals than time perspective therapy.
Conclusion: The findings of the current research indicate that in metacognitive therapy, individuals with substance dependence can connect with their thoughts in a different way and experience flexible metacognitive awareness, and time perspective therapy, through a subconscious personal attitude towards time, has been effective on the locus of control of individuals with substance dependence. Comparatively, metacognitive therapy can be used as a more effective method in reducing the locus of control in individuals with substance dependence compared to time perspective therapy. Based on the results of the current research, it is suggested that metacognitive therapy be considered by therapists and psychology professionals when working with individuals with substance dependence, and that the necessary training be provided to raise the awareness level of psychologists and therapists in this area.
Keywords: Metacognitive Therapy, Time Perspective Therapy, locus of Control, Substance Dependence.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Psychology
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