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Jafarnezhad M, Ghobari Bonab B, Bagheri F. Developing a Family-Oriented Training Program Based on Parents' Behavioral Management and Investigating Its Effectiveness on Behavioral Difficulties of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. MEJDS 2024; 14 :7-7
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-2997-en.html
Developing a Family-Oriented Training Program Based on Parents' Behavioral Management and Investigating Its Effectiveness on Behavioral Difficulties of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Mahmoud Jafarnezhad1 , Bagher Ghobari Bonab * 2, Fariborz Bagheri3
1- PhD Student in Educational Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Professor of Special Education, Department of Psychology and Educational of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3- Associate Professor in General Psychology, Department of General and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract:   (637 Views)

Abstract
Background & Objective: Previous studies have shown that educational interventions are effective in reducing the behavioral problems of children with Attention–Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, there is a research gap in the effectiveness of these interventions on behavioral Difficulties. If untreated, this disorder could lead to academic failure and isolation from friends. Available treatments for ADHD include pharmacological and non–pharmacological interventions. In the first line of treatment for this disorder, the education of parents has a special place in reducing the syndrome. The findings obtained from the research report different results, some of which indicate the lack of impact of interventions on children's behavioral problems. Considering the high prevalence of ADHD and its adverse effect on the communication and social skills of these children, the need for timely intervention and the design of appropriate educational methods to reduce behavioral problems is of particular importance. The present research aimed to develop a Family Education Program based on the Behavior Management for Parents model and study its effectiveness in the reduction of behavioral difficulties in their children with ADHD.
Methods: This quasi–experimental study employed a pretest–post–test design and a control group. The statistical population included all children with ADHD and their parents studying in primary schools of Qazvin City, Iran, in the 2018–2019 academic year. Forty ADHD students were chosen as a sample using random multi–stage cluster sampling. The subjects were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (20 each).    The inclusion criteria for selecting parents were having a child with ADHD, no divorce in the family, the absence of mental disorders in the parents, and constant participation in training sessions. The entry conditions of children were having mixed–type ADHD, under drug use, having an intelligence above 90, and no coexistence of other mental disorders. The Conner's Parents rating of childhood behavior problems (Conners et al., 1987) and clinical interviews were employed to evaluate behavioral difficulties. Conners estimated the test–retest reliability of this test to be 0.72 to 0.92. The reliability coefficient of the original version of the scale was reported as 0.89 using the Cronbach alpha. Raven's Progressive Matrices (Raven, 1947) assessed the subjects' intelligence. Raven reported the reliability coefficient of this test by retesting the range of correlation coefficients between 0.85 and 0.98 and halving the range of coefficients between 0.88 and 0.98. The intervention package consisted of a ten–session treatment protocol on parent's behavior management based on a behavioral model. The experimental group's parents participated in ten behavioral management training sessions. No training was provided for the control group. In this study, fathers and mothers of both groups completed the scale of behavioral problems separately in the pretest and posttest. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate covariance analysis to control the pretest effect) were utilized in SPSS version 24 to analyze the obtained data. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.
Results: The results showed that from the point of view of mothers and fathers, there was a difference in the condition of the children of the two experimental and control groups after the implementation of the Family–Oriented Training Program based on Parents' Behavioral Management in reducing children's behavioral problems (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Based on the research findings, from the parents' point of view, the family–oriented training program based on Parents' behavioral management effectively reduces the behavioral problems of their children.

Keywords: Family–Oriented Training Program, Parent behavioral management, Attention–Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Behavioral difficulties
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Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Psychology
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